外源过氧化氢提高燕麦耐盐性的生理机制

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刘建新, 王金成, 王瑞娟, 贾海燕. .外源过氧化氢提高燕麦耐盐性的生理机制. 草业学报, 2016,25(2): 216-222
LIU Jian-Xin, WANG Jin-Cheng, WANG Rui-Juan, JIA Hai-Yan. .The physiological mechanisms through which exogenous H₂O₂ increases the resistance of Avena nuda to salt stress . Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2016,25(2): 216-222 复制到剪切板

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外源过氧化氢提高燕麦耐盐性的生理机制

刘建新^*, 王金成, 王瑞娟, 贾海燕

陇东学院生命科学与技术学院,甘肃省高校陇东生物资源保护与利用省级重点实验室, 甘肃庆阳 745000

*通信作者Corresponding author. E-mail: liujx1964@163.com

作者简介:刘建新(1964-),男,甘肃通渭人,教授,本科。

收稿日期: 2015-03-10

基金项目:基金项目:甘肃省庆阳市科技计划项目(KZ2014-19)资助

摘要

以燕麦品种‘定莜6号’为材料,采用水培法,研究喷施过氧化氢(H₂O₂)对盐胁迫下燕麦幼苗生长、渗透调节物质积累和活性氧代谢的影响。结果表明:1)150 mmol/L NaCl胁迫显著抑制燕麦幼苗生长,提高叶片游离氨基酸和脯氨酸水平,降低谷胱甘肽(GSH)和可溶性糖含量;喷施0.01 mmol/L H₂O₂对NaCl胁迫引起的生长抑制有明显的缓解作用,并提高了幼苗叶片可溶性蛋白质、可溶性糖和脯氨酸含量,降低了游离氨基酸含量。2)NaCl胁迫下,虽然燕麦叶片超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶、过氧化物酶和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶活性提高,但O2·-、H₂O₂和丙二醛(MDA)积累;喷施H₂O₂进一步提高了NaCl胁迫下燕麦的上述抗氧化酶活性和GSH含量,却降低了O2·-产生速率及H₂O₂和MDA含量,说明外施H₂O₂能够增强盐胁迫燕麦的抗氧化能力,减轻氧化伤害。以上结果表明,外源H₂O₂可通过调控渗透调节物质积累和活性氧代谢提高燕麦耐盐性。

关键词: 盐胁迫; 过氧化氢; 燕麦; 活性氧代谢; 渗透调节物质

The physiological mechanisms through which exogenous H₂O₂ increases the resistance of Avena nuda to salt stress

LIU Jian-Xin^*, WANG Jin-Cheng, WANG Rui-Juan, JIA Hai-Yan

College of Life Science and Technology, Longdong University, University Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Utilization of Longdong Bio-resources in Gansu Province, Qingyang 745000, China

Abstract

Soil salinity is a major limiting factor for plant growth and productivity globally. Hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) is an important signaling molecule in plants that regulates many important physiological and biochemical processes and induces tolerance to different stresses, including salt stress. A study has been undertaken in order to further understand the operation of these regulatory mechanisms in oat seedlings ( Avena nuda). A new oat cultivar, ‘Dingyou No. 6’, was selected to investigate, using greenhouse nutrient solution cultivation, the effects of exogenous H₂O₂ on plant growth, osmotic adjustment substances accumulation and active oxygen metabolism in seedlings under salt stress. The results showed that 150 mmol/L NaCl exposure significantly inhibited seedling growth. It enhanced the production of free amino acid and proline and decreased the contents of glutathione (GSH) and soluble sugar in leaves. Foliar spraying of 0.010 mmol/L H₂O₂ significantly alleviated the inhibitory effect of NaCl stress on seedling growth. Exogenous H₂O₂ increased the contents of soluble protein, soluble sugar and proline, and decreased free amino acid content in leaves. Under 150 mmol/L NaCl stress, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activities all increased, along with excessive production ofO2·-, H₂O₂ and malondialdehyde (MDA) in seedling leaves. Spraying the stressed seedlings with 0.010 mmol/L H₂O₂ treatments significantly increased the activities of SOD, CAT, POD and APX and GSH content, but decreasedO2·- production rate and the contents of H₂O₂ and MDA in leaves. These results indicate that exogenous H₂O₂ could enhance anti-oxidative ability and decrease membrane lipid peroxidation injury in oat seedlings under NaCl stress. Exogenous H₂O₂ enhanced seedlings’ salinity tolerance by regulating osmotic adjustment substances accumulation and active oxygen metabolism in plant leaves.

Keyword: salt stress; H2O2; oat ( Avena nuda); reactive oxygen metabolism; osmotic adjustment substances

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盐害是农业生产的主要障害之一, 通过对作物渗透调节和离子平衡的破坏, 造成活性氧积累和生长抑制, 甚至死亡^[1]。作物能通过感受刺激和信号转导启动各种生理生化反应适应盐胁迫^[2]。过氧化氢(hydrogen peroxide, H₂O₂)是细胞代谢过程中产生的一种具有毒害作用的活性氧^[3]。但近来的研究表明, H₂O₂也是植物体内一种重要的信号分子^[4], 参与调控植物的生长发育^[5]及对各种非生物逆境胁迫的应答过程^{[6, 7, 8]}。H₂O₂作为第二信使参与了ABA诱导的拟南芥(Arabidopsis thaliana)气孔关闭过程^[9]; 外源H₂O₂预处理通过提高抗氧化系统活性缓解了干旱对黄瓜(Cucumis sativus)叶绿体膜的伤害^[7], 提高了玉米(Zea mays)^[10]和小麦(Triticum aestivum)^[6]的耐盐性。张波和张怀刚^[11]研究表明, 外源H₂O₂通过提高叶绿素、可溶性糖和谷胱甘肽含量有效增强了小麦幼苗的耐盐性。Uchida等^[2]研究证明, H₂O₂能够诱导细胞抗氧化机制提高水稻(Oryza sativa)对盐胁迫的耐受性。谷文英等^[12]研究发现, H₂O₂处理对菊苣(Cichorium intybus)幼苗盐胁迫的缓解效应与其上调抗氧化酶活性和逆境蛋白表达有关。此外, H₂O₂还在寄主-病原物互作过程中的过敏反应^[13]、细胞程序性死亡^[14]和诱导植物抗病性^[15]等过程中发挥着重要作用。

燕麦(Avena nuda)是中国北方广泛种植的一种粮饲作物, 但种植区较高的土壤含盐量往往是其生长发育和产量提高的重要限制因子之一, 尤其在春季返盐季节对幼苗期生长的影响更大。不同品种燕麦对盐胁迫的生理响应及耐盐性存在很大差异^[16]。‘ 定莜6号’ 是甘肃省定西市旱作农业科研推广中心选育的燕麦新品种, 具有抗旱性强、丰产性好、品质优和抗坚黑穗病强等特点。然而, ‘ 定莜6号’ 对盐胁迫的响应机制及H₂O₂的调节作用目前尚不了解, 也未见有关H₂O₂对燕麦盐胁迫生理影响的报道。本研究通过渗透调节物质含量和活性氧代谢的变化探讨外源H₂O₂对‘ 定莜6号’ 响应盐胁迫生理机制的调节作用, 以期为应用化学调控提高燕麦耐盐性提供依据。

1 材料与方法

1.1 供试材料和处理

试验于2013年3-8月在甘肃省高校陇东生物资源保护与利用省级重点实验室生物科技园进行。供试燕麦品种‘ 定莜6号’ 种子(由甘肃省定西市旱作农业科研推广中心提供)经3% NaClO表面消毒10 min后催芽, 选露白一致的种子播种在装有珍珠岩的底部带孔塑料钵(口径20 cm, 高14 cm)中, 浇水后置温室培养, 昼/夜温度(26± 5)℃/(20± 6)℃, 相对湿度70%80%, 光照强度520710 μ mol/(m²· s), 常规管理。幼苗2叶1心期进行疏苗, 每钵保留一致壮苗约100株, 3叶1心期进行处理:1)CK(对照), 根部浇灌Hoagland营养液, 叶面喷雾蒸馏水; 2)NaCl, 根部浇灌含150 mmol/L NaCl的Hoagland溶液, 叶面喷雾蒸馏水; 3) NaCl+H₂O₂, 根部浇灌含150 mmol/L NaCl 的Hoagland溶液, 叶面喷雾0.01 mmol/L H₂O₂; 4) H₂O₂, 根部浇灌Hoagland营养液, 叶面喷雾0.01 mmol/L H₂O₂(根据预试验0.01 mmol/L H₂O₂对150 mmol/L NaCl 胁迫下燕麦生长抑制的缓解作用最明显)。叶面喷雾于每天7:00和19:00进行, 为降低表面张力, 喷雾溶液配制时加入2滴吐温-80, 喷雾量以叶面滴液为限, 约8 mL/盆。根部浇灌每天19:00进行, 浇施量为珍珠岩持水量的2倍(约1000 mL)以保持处理浓度的恒定。每个处理3盆, 重复3次, 随机排列。处理5 d后取全钵所有幼苗的倒数第23片展开叶^[11]用液氮速冻后-70℃保存, 及时测定相关生理指标。

1.2 测定指标与方法

1.2.1 植株干重的测定处理10 d后, 每个处理取30株幼苗, 洗净后在105℃杀青30 min, 70℃烘干至恒重, 称干重。

1.2.2 可溶性蛋白质、可溶性糖、游离氨基酸和脯氨酸含量的测定分别按李合生^[17]的考马斯亮蓝法、蒽酮比色法、茚三酮染色法和磺基水杨酸法测定可溶性蛋白质、可溶性糖、游离氨基酸和脯氨酸含量。

1.2.3 $\begin{matrix} {O_{2}}^{\cdot -} \end{matrix}$ 产生速率、H₂O₂和MDA含量的测定 $\begin{matrix} {O_{2}}^{\cdot -} \end{matrix}$ 产生速率按陈建勋和王晓峰^[18]的方法测定。H₂O₂含量参照Sergiev等^[19]的方法测定; 丙二醛(MDA)含量采用硫代巴比妥酸法测定^[18]。

1.2.4 抗坏血酸(ASA)和谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量的测定称取0.20 g叶片, 分别用2.0 mL 15%偏磷酸和5%三氯乙酸溶液研磨, 将匀浆液14470 r/min离心20 min, 上清液定容至2.0 mL。按Arakawa等^[20]的方法测定ASA含量; 采用Ellman^[21]的方法测定GSH含量。

1.2.5 SOD、CAT、POD和APX活性的测定采用陈建勋和王晓峰^[18]的方法测定超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)活性。

1.3 统计分析

所有数据以单位材料干重计算, 平均值± 标准误表示, SPSS 19.0方差分析和Duncan法多重比较(P< 0.05)。

2 结果与分析

2.1 外源H₂O₂对NaCl胁迫下燕麦幼苗生长的影响

图1表明, 150 mmol/L NaCl胁迫10 d导致燕麦植株干重下降20.5%, 喷施0.01 mmol/L H₂O₂显著提高了NaCl胁迫下燕麦的植株干重, 比单独NaCl处理提高了12.6%。而单独H₂O₂处理的植株干重与CK无显著差异。

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	图1 外源H₂O₂对NaCl胁迫下燕麦幼苗干重的影响Fig.1 Effect of exogenous H₂O₂ on dry weight of oat seedlings under NaCl stress

2.2 外源H₂O₂对NaCl胁迫下燕麦幼苗叶片渗透调节物质含量的影响

从表1可见, 与CK相比, 单独NaCl胁迫显著降低了燕麦叶片中可溶性糖的含量, 下降幅度达55.9%, 却明显提高了游离氨基酸和脯氨酸含量, 分别提高了31.4%和145.4%, 而可溶性蛋白质含量无明显改变; NaCl+H₂O₂处理的可溶性蛋白质、可溶性糖和脯氨酸含量比单独NaCl处理分别提高了39.5%、135.2%和39.3%, 游离氨基酸含量下降了43.1%, 差异显著。单独H₂O₂处理与CK相比, 可溶性蛋白质和脯氨酸含量分别提高了17.8%和39.7%, 而可溶性糖和游离氨基酸含量变化不大。

表1 外源H₂O₂对NaCl胁迫下燕麦幼苗叶片渗透调节物质含量的影响 Table 1 Effects of exogenous H₂O₂ on content of osmotica in leaves of oat seedlings under NaCl stressmg/g

2.3 外源H₂O₂对NaCl胁迫下燕麦幼苗叶片

\begin{matrix} {O_{2}}^{\cdot -} \end{matrix}

产生速率、H₂O₂和MDA含量的影响

$\begin{matrix} {O_{2}}^{\cdot -} \end{matrix}$ 和H₂O₂是2种主要的细胞质膜过氧化活性氧, MDA是膜脂过氧化的产物之一。图2结果表明, 单独NaCl处理显著提高了燕麦叶片的 $\begin{matrix} {O_{2}}^{\cdot -} \end{matrix}$ 产生速率及H₂O₂和MDA含量, 分别比CK提高了87.2%、64.5%和53.2%; NaCl+H₂O₂处理与单独NaCl处理相比, $\begin{matrix} {O_{2}}^{\cdot -} \end{matrix}$ 产生速率、H₂O₂和MDA含量分别下降了40.4%、24.7%和16.4%, 差异显著, 说明外源H₂O₂能够降低盐胁迫诱导的活性氧积累对膜脂的氧化伤害。与CK相比, 单独H₂O₂处理显著提高了燕麦叶片内源H₂O₂的含量, 但 $\begin{matrix} {O_{2}}^{\cdot -} \end{matrix}$ 产生速率和MDA含量无明显差异。

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	图2 外源H₂O₂对NaCl胁迫下燕麦幼苗叶片 $\begin{matrix} {O_{2}}^{\cdot -} \end{matrix}$ 产生速率及H₂O₂和MDA含量的影响Fig.2 Effects of exogenous H₂O₂ on $\begin{matrix} {O_{2}}^{\cdot -} \end{matrix}$ production rate, contents of H₂O₂ and MDA in leaves of oat seedlings under NaCl stress

2.4 外源H₂O₂对NaCl胁迫下燕麦幼苗叶片抗氧化物质含量的影响

ASA和GSH是2种重要的活性氧清除抗氧化物质。图3显示, 不同处理并没有引起燕麦叶片ASA含量的显著改变, 但GSH含量却发生了明显变化。与CK相比, 单独NaCl处理下GSH含量降低了39.6%, 单独H₂O₂处理GSH含量无显著变化; 而NaCl+H₂O₂处理的GSH 含量比单独NaCl处理提高了132.8%。

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	图3 外源H₂O₂对NaCl胁迫下燕麦幼苗叶片ASA和GSH含量的影响Fig.3 Effects of exogenous H₂O₂ on contents of ASA and GSH in leaves of oat seedlings under NaCl stress

2.5 外源H₂O₂对NaCl胁迫下燕麦幼苗叶片抗氧化酶活性的影响

SOD、CAT、POD和APX是植物体内清除活性氧的主要抗氧化酶。由表2可见, 与CK相比, 单独NaCl处理使燕麦幼苗叶片SOD、CAT、POD和APX活性均显著提高, NaCl+H₂O₂处理进一步提高了上述4种抗氧化酶的活性, 与单独NaCl处理比较, SOD、CAT、POD和APX 活性分别提高了30.3%、71.1%、32.5%和22.4%, 差异显著。单独H₂O₂处理的CAT和APX活性分别比CK提高了64.3%和40.0%, 而SOD和POD活性则无明显差异。

表2 外源H₂O₂对NaCl胁迫下燕麦幼苗叶片抗氧化酶活性的影响 Table 2 Effects of exogenous H₂O₂ on anti-oxidative enzyme activities in oat seedling leaves under NaCl stressU/g

3 讨论

植物在盐胁迫下首先遭受渗透胁迫和离子毒害, 进而引起活性氧代谢失调, 造成细胞代谢紊乱和生长受抑^[22]。本研究结果显示, 燕麦幼苗在150 mmol/L NaCl胁迫10 d后植株干重明显降低, 叶面喷施0.01 mmol/L H₂O₂能够有效减轻NaCl胁迫对燕麦幼苗生长的抑制作用(图1), 这与外源H₂O₂能够缓解受旱小麦^[23]和Cd胁迫水稻^[8]生长受抑的结果一致。说明外源H₂O₂可以缓解逆境胁迫对植物生长的抑制作用。其原因可能与H₂O₂能够促进植物次生壁的发育有关^[24]。植物次生壁随细胞分化在初生壁内侧逐渐形成, 次生壁组成中除半纤维素和纤维素外, 还含有木质素。木质素是一种高度交联的酚类聚合物, 由此增强了植物向上生长所需要的机械支持力, 有利于植物生长^[25]。另外, H₂O₂对盐胁迫燕麦生长的促进作用可能还与渗透调节和活性氧代谢有关。

正常细胞内离子保持平衡稳态。盐胁迫下会导致胞质Na⁺积累, 过多的Na⁺则通过跨质膜转运或跨液泡膜区域化到液泡中以减轻盐离子毒害^[26]。液泡中Na⁺的积累, 不仅可以减轻对细胞质中酶和膜系统的伤害, 而且可作为渗透调节剂降低渗透势, 以利于植物吸收水分。胞质中则积累可溶性糖、脯氨酸等来维持细胞的渗透平衡^[1]。魏小红等^[27]研究表明, H₂O₂能够调节烟草(Nicotiana tabacum)脯氨酸、游离氨基酸和可溶性蛋白质的含量; 张波和张怀刚^[11]报道, 外源H₂O₂可提高盐胁迫下小麦幼苗的可溶性糖和谷胱甘肽含量。本研究结果显示, 150 mmol/L NaCl胁迫下, 燕麦叶片可溶性蛋白质含量并没有明显改变, 但可溶性糖含量明显下降, 游离氨基酸和脯氨酸含量显著提高(表1)。说明燕麦通过积累游离氨基酸和脯氨酸增强盐胁迫下的渗透适应能力。喷施0.01 mmol/L H₂O₂提高了150 mmol/L NaCl胁迫下燕麦叶片中的可溶性蛋白质、可溶性糖和脯氨酸含量, 而游离氨基酸含量明显降低。可溶性蛋白质有较强的持水力, 其中大多数是参与代谢反应的酶类; 可溶性糖和脯氨酸等是细胞重要的有机渗透调节物质, 它们含量的变化与植物抗逆性密切相关^[11]。说明外源H₂O₂能够调节可溶性蛋白质和有机渗透调节物质的含量, 提高燕麦的耐盐性。这与H₂O₂预处理能够提高铝胁迫下黑豆(Ribes nigrum)可溶性蛋白质含量^[28]及Cd胁迫下水稻谷胱甘肽转硫酶活性^[8]的结果类似。但H₂O₂提高盐胁迫下燕麦可溶性蛋白质、可溶性糖和脯氨酸含量的分子机制还需进一步探讨。

活性氧(reactive oxygen species, ROS)的产生在植物代谢过程中不可避免, 本底或自稳态水平的ROS在植物的生长发育以及对环境胁迫的适应中具有重要作用^{[3, 4]}, 但植物遭受逆境胁迫时 $\begin{matrix} {O_{2}}^{\cdot -} \end{matrix}$ 和H₂O₂等ROS水平明显提高^[1]。植物体内ROS代谢能否保持平衡与抗氧化酶的活性和抗氧化剂的含量密切相关^[29]。SOD催化 $\begin{matrix} {O_{2}}^{\cdot -} \end{matrix}$ 歧化反应生成H₂O₂, CAT可直接催化H₂O₂生成H₂O和 $\begin{matrix} {O_{2}}^{[30]} \end{matrix}$ 。POD催化H₂O₂与酚类反应清除ROS; APX通过ASA-GSH循环利用ASA、GSH等抗氧化剂将H₂O₂还原为H₂O^[31]。本研究结果显示, 150 mmol/L NaCl胁迫5 d显著提高了燕麦叶片 $\begin{matrix} {O_{2}}^{\cdot -} \end{matrix}$ 的产生速率和H₂O₂含量(图2), 此时尽管SOD、CAT、POD和APX活性均提高(表2), 但GSH含量的下降(图3)使抗氧化系统未能及时清除过量的ROS导致其积累。积累的ROS使膜脂不饱和脂肪酸过氧化产生MDA, MDA能与酶蛋白发生链式聚合反应, 使膜系统变性^[29]。喷施0.01 mmol/L H₂O₂显著提高了150 mmol/L NaCl胁迫下燕麦幼苗叶片的SOD, CAT、POD和APX等抗氧化酶活性(表2)及GSH含量(图3)。说明盐胁迫破坏了燕麦ROS清除的ASA-GSH循环系统, 外施H₂O₂有效促进了ASA-GSH循环系统的有效运转, 从而加强了植株的ROS清除能力, 降低了 $\begin{matrix} {O_{2}}^{\cdot -} \end{matrix}$ 和H₂O₂的积累, 减轻了盐胁迫诱导的氧化损伤(图2)。这与前人^{[10, 32]}的研究结果一致, 可能与H₂O₂能够诱导抗氧化酶基因的表达有关^[33], 但具体机制尚待进一步研究。

4 结论

盐胁迫下, 喷施H₂O₂能够增加燕麦幼苗可溶性蛋白质、可溶性糖和脯氨酸等渗透调节物质含量, 提高SOD、CAT、POD和APX等抗氧化酶活性及抗氧化剂GSH含量, 降低 $\begin{matrix} {O_{2}}^{\cdot -} \end{matrix}$ 和H₂O₂积累, 减轻膜脂氧化伤害和幼苗生长受抑程度, 从而增强燕麦耐盐性。

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

参考文献

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2008

0.0

. 2008, 59:651-681 DOI:10.1146/annurev.arplant.59.032607.092911

Mechanisms of salinity tolerance.

Munns R , Tester M.

CSIRO Plant Industry, Canberra, ACT, Australia. rana.munns@csiro.au

The physiological and molecular mechanisms of tolerance to osmotic and ionic components of salinity stress are reviewed at the cellular, organ, and whole-plant level. Plant growth responds to salinity in two phases: a rapid, osmotic phase that inhibits growth of young leaves, and a slower, ionic phase that accelerates senescence of mature leaves. Plant adaptations to salinity are of three distinct types: osmotic stress tolerance, Na(+) or Cl() exclusion, and the tolerance of tissue to accumulated Na(+) or Cl(). Our understanding of the role of the HKT gene family in Na(+) exclusion from leaves is increasing, as is the understanding of the molecular bases for many other transport processes at the cellular level. However, we have a limited molecular understanding of the overall control of Na(+) accumulation and of osmotic stress tolerance at the whole-plant level. Molecular genetics and functional genomics provide a new opportunity to synthesize molecular and physiological knowledge to improve the salinity tolerance of plants relevant to food production and environmental sustainability.

PMID: 18444910

... 盐害是农业生产的主要障害之一,通过对作物渗透调节和离子平衡的破坏,造成活性氧积累和生长抑制,甚至死亡^[1] ...

... 胞质中则积累可溶性糖、脯氨酸等来维持细胞的渗透平衡^[1] ...

... 活性氧(reactive oxygen species, ROS)的产生在植物代谢过程中不可避免,本底或自稳态水平的ROS在植物的生长发育以及对环境胁迫的适应中具有重要作用^[3,4],但植物遭受逆境胁迫时 O2·-和H₂O₂等ROS水平明显提高^[1] ...

2002

0.0

... 作物能通过感受刺激和信号转导启动各种生理生化反应适应盐胁迫^[2] ...

... Uchida等^[2]研究证明,H₂O₂能够诱导细胞抗氧化机制提高水稻(Oryza sativa)对盐胁迫的耐受性 ...

2000

0.0

. 2000, 57(5):779-795

Dual action of the active oxygen species during plant stress response.

Dat J F , Vandendede F , Vranova E

Vakgroep Moleculaire Genetica, Vlaams Interuniversitair Instituut voor Biotechnologie (VIB), Universiteit Gent, Belgium. diinz@gengenp.rug.ac.be

Adaptation to environmental changes is crucial for plant growth and survival. However, the molecular and biochemical mechanisms of adaptation are still poorly understood and the signaling pathways involved remain elusive. Active oxygen species (AOS) have been proposed as a central component of plant adaptation to both biotic and abiotic stresses. Under such conditions, AOS may play two very different roles: exacerbating damage or signaling the activation of defense responses. Such a dual function was first described in pathogenesis but has also recently been demonstrated during several abiotic stress responses. To allow for these different roles, cellular levels of AOS must be tightly controlled. The numerous AOS sources and a complex system of oxidant scavengers provide the flexibility necessary for these functions. This review discusses the dual action of AOS during plant stress responses.

PMID: 10892343

... 过氧化氢(hydrogen peroxide, H₂O₂)是细胞代谢过程中产生的一种具有毒害作用的活性氧^[3] ...

2005

0.0

... 但近来的研究表明,H₂O₂也是植物体内一种重要的信号分子^[4],参与调控植物的生长发育^[5]及对各种非生物逆境胁迫的应答过程^[6,7,8] ...

2011

0.0

... 但近来的研究表明,H₂O₂也是植物体内一种重要的信号分子^[4],参与调控植物的生长发育^[5]及对各种非生物逆境胁迫的应答过程^[6,7,8] ...

2007

0.0

... 但近来的研究表明,H₂O₂也是植物体内一种重要的信号分子^[4],参与调控植物的生长发育^[5]及对各种非生物逆境胁迫的应答过程^[6,7,8] ...

... 外源H₂O₂预处理通过提高抗氧化系统活性缓解了干旱对黄瓜(Cucumis sativus)叶绿体膜的伤害^[7],提高了玉米(Zea mays)^[10]和小麦(Triticum aestivum)^[6]的耐盐性 ...

2009

0.0

. 2009, 36(8):1140-1146

外源过氧化氢对干旱胁迫下温室黄瓜叶绿体超微结构和抗氧化酶的影响

刘忠静, 郭延奎, 林少航

(State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong 271018,China)

To investigate whether exogenous-H 2 O 2 -induced drought tolerance is mediated by the increasing of antioxidant activities, agreenhouse-ecotype cucumber ‘Chunguang 2 ’was pretreated with exogenous hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) and was subjected to drought stress, which was simulated by 100 g·L - 1 polyethylene glycol 6000. Without pretreatment of exogenous H 2 O 2 , drought stress resulted in plants with round chlorop lasts, the indistinct chlorop lastmembranes and thylakoids. Compared to drought treatment itself, the combination of H 2 O 2 pretreatment and drought stress did not change the chlorop last ultrastructure obviously, and it not only increased the activities of antioxidants such as superoxidedismutase, catalase, guaiacol peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, monodehydroascorbate reductase, dehydrateascorbate reducatase, glutathione reductase,ascorbic acid and the reduced glutathione, but also decreased the contents of malonaldehyde, endogenous H 2 O 2 and superoxide radical. We conclude that the app lication of exogenous H 2 O 2 increases the antioxidant activities, and therefore decreases the accumulation of reactive oxygen species and alleviates the damage to chlorop lastmembranes under drought stress.

以温室黄瓜品种‘春光2号’为试材, 用100 g·L - 1 聚乙二醇处理模拟干旱胁迫, 研究外源过氧化氢是否通过提高叶片抗氧化酶的活性来减轻干旱胁迫对叶绿体膜的伤害。结果表明: 干旱胁迫处理48 h后, 叶绿体肿胀变圆, 叶绿体膜和类囊体模糊不清。与干旱胁迫前没有经过预处理的幼苗相比, 经外源过氧化氢预处理后再干旱胁迫48 h的幼苗中大部分的叶绿体结构正常, 叶片的超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶、愈创木酚过氧化物酶、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶、单脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶、脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶和谷胱苷肽还原酶等抗氧化物酶的活性以及抗坏血酸和还原型谷胱苷肽的含量明显增高, 内源过氧化氢含量、超氧阴离子的产生速率和丙二醛的含量则显著降低。所以, 外源过氧化氢预处理能够提高抗氧化物的活性,降低活性氧的积累, 从而缓解干旱对黄瓜叶绿体膜的伤害。

... 但近来的研究表明,H₂O₂也是植物体内一种重要的信号分子^[4],参与调控植物的生长发育^[5]及对各种非生物逆境胁迫的应答过程^[6,7,8] ...

2010

0.0

. 2010, 24(4):391-397 DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1001-7216.2010.04.010

H 2 O 2 预处理对不同水稻品种Cd耐性的影响

白晓娟, 刘丽娟, 张春华

1 College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; 2 Life Science Experimental Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; 3 Jiaxing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiaxing 314016, China; *Corresponding author, E-mail: yingge711@njau.edu.cn

The effect of H2O2 pretreatment on Cd tolerance and translocation in rice seedlings was studied by using two rice cultivars (N076 and N0763) differing in Cd tolerance. The contents of malondialdehyde(MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), nonprotein thiols (NPT), phytochelatins(PCs) and the activity of glutathione Stransferase (GST) were compared between the two cultivars exposed to various treatments. The results showed that 50 μmol/L Cd exposure significantly inhibited rice growth, enhanced the production of GSH, NPT, PCs, MDA and the activity of GST, and there were significant differences between the two cultivars. More Cd was transported into the shoot in N076. The H2O2 pretreatment alleviated Cd toxcity by further increasing GSH, NPT and PCs contents, as well as the root GST activities. The larger increase in N0763 than in N076 suggests that the tolerance of N0763 was enhanced more significantly than N076. H2O2 pretreatment reduced Cd translocation to rice shoots but affected the Cd concentration in roots differently. From the above results, it may be speculated that there were clear differences in the Cd detoxification and response to the H2O2 pretreatment between the two cultivars.

以耐性不同的两个水稻品种N0763和N076为材料，采用水培法研究了镉（Cd）胁迫下过氧化氢（H2O2）预处理对水稻Cd耐性和吸收转运的影响及品种间差异。比较了两个品种不同处理下丙二醛（MDA）、还原型谷胱甘肽（GSH）、非蛋白巯基（NPT）、植物络合素（PCs）含量以及谷胱甘肽硫转移酶（GST）活性的变化。结果表明,50 μmol/L Cd处理显著抑制水稻生长，提高GSH、NPT、PCs、MDA含量和GST活性，且品种间差异显著。从Cd在水稻植株中的分布上看，N076向地上部转运的Cd比N0763多。H2O2预处理后，两个品种Cd毒害效应减轻，GSH、NPT、PCs含量和根部GST活性得到进一步提高，且N0763的增幅高于N076，其耐性也提高更多。H2O2预处理降低了两个品种的Cd向地上部转运，但对根部Cd含量存在不同的影响。从上述结果可以推测，两个品种在Cd解毒机制和对H2O2的响应上存在明显差异。

... 但近来的研究表明,H₂O₂也是植物体内一种重要的信号分子^[4],参与调控植物的生长发育^[5]及对各种非生物逆境胁迫的应答过程^[6,7,8] ...

... 01 mmol/L H₂O₂能够有效减轻NaCl胁迫对燕麦幼苗生长的抑制作用(图1),这与外源H₂O₂能够缓解受旱小麦^[23]和Cd胁迫水稻^[8]生长受抑的结果一致 ...

... 这与H₂O₂预处理能够提高铝胁迫下黑豆(Ribes nigrum)可溶性蛋白质含量^[28]及Cd胁迫下水稻谷胱甘肽转硫酶活性^[8]的结果类似 ...

2006

0.0

. 2006, 45(1):113-122

ABA-induced NO generation and stomatal closure in Arabidopsis are dependent on H₂O₂ synthesis.

Bright J , Desikan R , Hancock J T

Centre for Research in Plant Science, Genomics Research Institute, University of the West of England, UWE, Bristol, Frenchay Campus, Coldharbour Lane, UK.

Nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) are key signalling molecules produced in response to various stimuli and involved in a diverse range of plant signal transduction processes. Nitric oxide and H(2)O(2) have been identified as essential components of the complex signalling network inducing stomatal closure in response to the phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA). A close inter-relationship exists between ABA and the spatial and temporal production and action of both NO and H(2)O(2) in guard cells. This study shows that, in Arabidopsis thaliana guard cells, ABA-mediated NO generation is in fact dependent on ABA-induced H(2)O(2) production. Stomatal closure induced by H(2)O(2) is inhibited by the removal of NO with NO scavenger, and both ABA and H(2)O(2) stimulate guard cell NO synthesis. Conversely, NO-induced stomatal closure does not require H(2)O(2) synthesis nor does NO treatment induce H(2)O(2) production in guard cells. Tungstate inhibition of the NO-generating enzyme nitrate reductase (NR) attenuates NO production in response to nitrite in vitro and in response to H(2)O(2) and ABA in vivo. Genetic data demonstrate that NR is the major source of NO in guard cells in response to ABA-mediated H(2)O(2) synthesis. In the NR double mutant nia1, nia2 both ABA and H(2)O(2) fail to induce NO production or stomatal closure, but in the nitric oxide synthase deficient Atnos1 mutant, responses to H(2)O(2) are not impaired. Importantly, we show that in the NADPH oxidase deficient double mutant atrbohD/F, NO synthesis and stomatal closure to ABA are severely reduced, indicating that endogenous H(2)O(2) production induced by ABA is required for NO synthesis. In summary, our physiological and genetic data demonstrate a strong inter-relationship between ABA, endogenous H(2)O(2) and NO-induced stomatal closure.

PMID: 16367958

... H₂O₂作为第二信使参与了ABA诱导的拟南芥(Arabidopsis thaliana)气孔关闭过程^[9] ...

2005

0.0

. 2005, 162(10):1114-1122

Hydrogen peroxide pre-treatment induces salt stress acclimation in maize plants.

Azevedo N A D , Prisco J T , Eneas-Filho J

Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.

The effect of exogenously applied H2O2 on salt stress acclimation was studied with regard to plant growth, lipid peroxidation, and activity of antioxidative enzymes in leaves and roots of a salt-sensitive maize genotype. Pre-treatment by addition of 1 microM H2O2 to the hydroponic solution for 2 days induced an increase in salt tolerance during subsequent exposure to salt stress. This was evidenced by plant growth, lipid peroxidation and antioxidative enzymes measurements. In both leaves and roots the variations in lipid peroxidation and antioxidative enzymes (superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, guaiacol peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and catalase) activities of both acclimated and unacclimated plants, suggest that differences in the antioxidative enzyme activities may, at least in part, explain the increased tolerance of acclimated plants to salt stress, and that H2O2 metabolism is involved as signal in the processes of maize salt acclimation.

PMID: 16255169

... 这与前人^[10,32]的研究结果一致,可能与H₂O₂能够诱导抗氧化酶基因的表达有关^[33],但具体机制尚待进一步研究 ...

2007

0.0

... 张波和张怀刚^[11]研究表明,外源H₂O₂通过提高叶绿素、可溶性糖和谷胱甘肽含量有效增强了小麦幼苗的耐盐性 ...

... 处理5 d后取全钵所有幼苗的倒数第23片展开叶^[11]用液氮速冻后-70℃保存,及时测定相关生理指标 ...

... 张波和张怀刚^[11]报道,外源H₂O₂可提高盐胁迫下小麦幼苗的可溶性糖和谷胱甘肽含量 ...

... 可溶性糖和脯氨酸等是细胞重要的有机渗透调节物质,它们含量的变化与植物抗逆性密切相关^[11] ...

2014

0.0

. 2014, 33(1):89-97

外源一氧化氮和过氧化氢调节菊苣盐适应性

谷文英, 莫平华, 杨江山

( 1 College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China;  2 College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China;  3 Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China;  4 Barenbrug (Tianjin) INT’ Co. Ltd., Beijing 100025, China)

Chicory ( Cichorium intybus ) seedlings were employed to study the impacts of exogenous nitric oxide (NO) donor (sodium nitroprusside (SNP), 0.1 mmol·L -1 ) or hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 , 0.5 mmol·L -1 ) on their growth, antioxidant enzyme activities and stress protein expression under salt stress (210 mmol·L -1  of NaCl). The results showed that root length and fresh weight of chicory seedlings were obviously decreased under salt stress compared with the control, whereas the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) sig nificantly increased ( P 2 O 2  pretreatment were similar to those of SNP pretreatment. These data suggested that both of SNP and H 2 O 2  were involved in alleviating adverse effects of salt stress on chicory seedlings by increasing antioxidant enzyme activities and stress protein expression.

研究外源性一氧化氮（NO）供体硝普钠（SNP, 0.1 mmol·L -1 ）和过氧化氢（H 2 O 2 , 0.5 mmol·L -1 ）对NaCl（210 mmol·L -1 ）胁迫下菊苣（ Cichorium intybus ）幼苗生长、抗氧化酶活性和逆境蛋白的影响。结果表明：与空白对照相比，盐胁迫导致菊苣幼苗的根长和鲜重显著降低；丙二醛（MDA）含量显著升高（ P P 2 O 2 预处理也具有类似的效应。这说明SNP和H 2 O 2 预处理对菊苣幼苗盐胁迫的缓解效应与其上调抗氧化酶的活性和逆境蛋白的表达有关。

... 谷文英等^[12]研究发现,H₂O₂处理对菊苣(Cichorium intybus)幼苗盐胁迫的缓解效应与其上调抗氧化酶活性和逆境蛋白表达有关 ...

1998

0.0

. 1998, 394(6693):585-588

Nitric oxide functions as a signal in plant disease resistance.

Delledonne M , Xia Y , Dixon R A

Plant Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA.

Recognition of an avirulent pathogen triggers the rapid production of the reactive oxygen intermediates superoxide (O2-) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). This oxidative burst drives crosslinking of the cell wall, induces several plant genes involved in cellular protection and defence, and is necessary for the initiation of host cell death in the hypersensitive disease-resistance response. However, this burst is not enough to support a strong disease-resistance response. Here we show that nitric oxide, which acts as a signal in the immune, nervous and vascular systems, potentiates the induction of hypersensitive cell death in soybean cells by reactive oxygen intermediates and functions independently of such intermediates to induce genes for the synthesis of protective natural products. Moreover, inhibitors of nitric oxide synthesis compromise the hypersensitive disease-resistance response of Arabidopsis leaves to Pseudomonas syringae, promoting disease and bacterial growth. We conclude that nitric oxide plays a key role in disease resistance in plants.

PMID: 9707120

... 此外,H₂O₂还在寄主-病原物互作过程中的过敏反应^[13]、细胞程序性死亡^[14]和诱导植物抗病性^[15]等过程中发挥着重要作用 ...

2010

0.0

. 2010, 140(1):89-102 DOI:10.1111/j.1399-3054.2010.01381.x

Nitric oxide and hydrogen peroxide involvement during programmed cell death of Sechium edule nucellus.

Lara L , Nello C , Piero P

Department of Biology, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy. llombardi@biologia.unipi.it

The nucellus is a maternal tissue that feeds the developing embryo and the secondary endosperm. During seed development the cells of the nucellus suffer a degenerative process early after fertilization as the cellular endosperm expands and accumulates reserves. Nucellar cell degeneration has been characterized as a form of developmentally programmed cell death (PCD). In this work we show that nucellus PCD is accompanied by a considerable production of both nitric oxide and hydrogen peroxide (NO and H(2)O(2)). Interestingly, each of the two molecules is able to induce the production of the other and to cause cell death when applied to a living nucellus. We show that the induced cell death has features of a PCD, accompanied by profound changes in the morphology of the nuclei and by a massive degradation of nuclear DNA. Moreover, we report that NO and H(2)O(2) cause an induction of caspase-like proteases previously characterized in physiological nucellar PCD.

PMID: 20487376

... 此外,H₂O₂还在寄主-病原物互作过程中的过敏反应^[13]、细胞程序性死亡^[14]和诱导植物抗病性^[15]等过程中发挥着重要作用 ...

2008

0.0

... 此外,H₂O₂还在寄主-病原物互作过程中的过敏反应^[13]、细胞程序性死亡^[14]和诱导植物抗病性^[15]等过程中发挥着重要作用 ...

2015

0.0

. 2015, 24(1):183-189 DOI:10.11686/cyxb20150122

4种燕麦对NaCl胁迫的生理响应及耐盐性评价

刘凤歧, 刘杰淋, 朱瑞芬

1.College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, China; 2.Institute of Pratacultural Science, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Harbin 150086, China; 3.College of Life Science, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, China

This paper reports on a study of the adaptability of oats ( Avena sativa ) to salt stress. In a hydroponic experiment, the physiological responses of four oat varieties (Bayou-1, Baiyan-2, Baiyan-6 and Baiyan-7) were investigated using six concentrations (0, 34.2, 68.4, 102.6, 136.8 and 171.0 mmol/L) of sodium chloride during seed germination and seedling stages. Seed germinating potential, germinating percentage, seedling height and root length were recorded. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and the soluble protein content in the leaves of seedlings were also measured. Salt stress had a significant impact on germinating potential and percentage. It also suppressed seedling height and root length. All four parameters decreased with increases in Na + concentration. The activities of SOD and POD and leaf soluble protein content all increased at lower levels of Na + concentration and then declined, peaking at 102.6 mmol/L NaCl. This study shows that oats have self-protecting mechanisms that adapt to salinity stress. The threshold of salt tolerance was 102.6 mmol/L NaCl. Of the four varieties, Baiyan-6 showed the most tolerance, while Baiyan-2 also revealed good potential. Both varieties could be used as candidates for selecting and breeding better genotypes of salt tolerant oats.

为研究4份燕麦坝莜一号、白燕2号、白燕6号和白燕7号的耐盐程度及其在盐胁迫处理下的生理反应规律,在水培条件下,分别用0,34.2,68.4,102.6,136.8,171.0 mmol/L浓度NaCl溶液模拟盐胁迫处理4种燕麦种子,观察记录各处理的盐害情况,分别测定了胁迫后的种子发芽势、发芽率、株高和根长,以及室温培养的燕麦幼苗叶片过氧化物酶(POD)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和可溶性蛋白含量,分析了不同胁迫程度下各生理指标的变化情况,并且对4种燕麦的耐盐性进行了综合评价。结果表明,NaCl胁迫对4种燕麦种子的发芽势和发芽率均产生显著影响,对株高和根长产生了抑制作用,且均随盐浓度的增大呈逐渐降低的趋势;燕麦幼苗叶片POD活性、SOD活性、可溶性蛋白含量均在102.6 mmol/L 盐浓度下达到最大值,而且都随盐浓度的增大呈先升高后降低的趋势,表明燕麦具有较高的耐盐能力,在盐胁迫下可采取自我保护机制以适应盐胁迫,4种燕麦的耐盐阈值为102.6 mmol/L盐浓度。综合评价,白燕6号耐盐性较好,白燕2号具有高盐耐受性的潜力,这两个燕麦品种可以为耐盐基因挖掘及燕麦耐盐品种的选育提供材料。

... 不同品种燕麦对盐胁迫的生理响应及耐盐性存在很大差异^[16] ...

2000

0.0

... 2 可溶性蛋白质、可溶性糖、游离氨基酸和脯氨酸含量的测定分别按李合生^[17]的考马斯亮蓝法、蒽酮比色法、茚三酮染色法和磺基水杨酸法测定可溶性蛋白质、可溶性糖、游离氨基酸和脯氨酸含量 ...

2002

0.0

... 3 O2·-产生速率、H₂O₂和MDA含量的测定 O2·-产生速率按陈建勋和王晓峰^[18]的方法测定 ...

... 丙二醛(MDA)含量采用硫代巴比妥酸法测定^[18] ...

... 5 SOD、CAT、POD和APX活性的测定采用陈建勋和王晓峰^[18]的方法测定超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)活性 ...

1997

0.0

... H₂O₂含量参照Sergiev等^[19]的方法测定 ...

1981

0.0

... 按Arakawa等^[20]的方法测定ASA含量 ...

1959

0.0

. 1959, 82(1):70-77

Tissue sulfhydryl groups.

Ellman G L.

PMID: 13650640

... 采用Ellman^[21]的方法测定GSH含量 ...

2005

0.0

... 3 讨论植物在盐胁迫下首先遭受渗透胁迫和离子毒害,进而引起活性氧代谢失调,造成细胞代谢紊乱和生长受抑^[22] ...

2010

0.0

... 01 mmol/L H₂O₂能够有效减轻NaCl胁迫对燕麦幼苗生长的抑制作用(图1),这与外源H₂O₂能够缓解受旱小麦^[23]和Cd胁迫水稻^[8]生长受抑的结果一致 ...

2003

0.0

. 2003, 34(2):187-203

Growth suppression, altered stomatal responses, and augmented induction of heat shock proteins in cytosolic ascorbate peroxidase (Apx1)-deficient Arabidopsis plants.

Pnueli L , Liang H , Rozenberg M

Department of Biology, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa 32000, Israel.

The accumulation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in plants is typically associated with biotic or abiotic stresses. However, H2O2 is continuously produced in cells during normal metabolism. Yet, little is known about how H2O2 accumulation will affect plant metabolism in the absence of pathogens or abiotic stress. Here, we report that a deficiency in the H2O2-scavenging enzyme, cytosolic ascorbate peroxidase (APX1), results in the accumulation of H2O2 in Arabidopsis plants grown under optimal conditions. Knockout-Apx1 plants were characterized by suppressed growth and development, altered stomatal responses, and augmented induction of heat shock proteins during light stress. The inactivation of Apx1 resulted in the induction of several transcripts encoding signal transduction proteins. These were not previously linked to H2O2 signaling during stress and may belong to a signal transduction pathway specifically involved in H2O2 sensing during normal metabolism. Surprisingly, the expression of transcripts encoding H2O2 scavenging enzymes, such as catalase or glutathione peroxidase, was not elevated in knockout-Apx1 plants. The expression of catalase, two typical plant peroxidases, and several different heat shock proteins was however elevated in knockout-Apx1 plants during light stress. Our results demonstrate that in planta accumulation of H2O2 can suppress plant growth and development, interfere with different physiological processes, and enhance the response of plants to abiotic stress conditions. Our findings also suggest that at least part of the induction of heat shock proteins during light stress in Arabidopsis is mediated by H2O2 that is scavenged by APX1.

PMID: 12694594

... 其原因可能与H₂O₂能够促进植物次生壁的发育有关^[24] ...

2008

0.0

... 木质素是一种高度交联的酚类聚合物,由此增强了植物向上生长所需要的机械支持力,有利于植物生长^[25] ...

2007

0.0

... 盐胁迫下会导致胞质Na⁺积累,过多的Na⁺则通过跨质膜转运或跨液泡膜区域化到液泡中以减轻盐离子毒害^[26] ...

2006

0.0

... 魏小红等^[27]研究表明,H₂O₂能够调节烟草(Nicotiana tabacum)脯氨酸、游离氨基酸和可溶性蛋白质的含量 ...

2013

0.0

... 这与H₂O₂预处理能够提高铝胁迫下黑豆(Ribes nigrum)可溶性蛋白质含量^[28]及Cd胁迫下水稻谷胱甘肽转硫酶活性^[8]的结果类似 ...

2005

0.0

... 植物体内ROS代谢能否保持平衡与抗氧化酶的活性和抗氧化剂的含量密切相关^[29] ...

... 积累的ROS使膜脂不饱和脂肪酸过氧化产生MDA,MDA能与酶蛋白发生链式聚合反应,使膜系统变性^[29] ...

2004

0.0

1992

0.0

... APX通过ASA-GSH循环利用ASA、GSH等抗氧化剂将H₂O₂还原为H₂O^[31] ...

2007

0.0

. 2007, 164(3):283-294

Pretreatment of seed with H₂O₂ improves salt tolerance of wheat seedlings by alleviation of oxidative damage and expression of stress proteins.

Abdul W , Mubaraka P , Sadia G

Department of Botany, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad-38040, Pakistan. drawahid2001@yahoo.com

Increased salinity is a stringent problem to crop production while seed pretreatment can effectively induce salt tolerance in plants. Hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)), a stress signal molecule, was evaluated as seed treatment to produce the metabolic changes, which could lead to improved salt tolerance in wheat. Soaking in 1, 40, 80 and 120 microM H(2)O(2) revealed a low penetration, reaching maximum at 5h (2.58+/-0.23 micro mol g(-1) fresh seeds at 120 microM) and declining thereafter to the level of water control by 8h. This revealed the activation of antioxidants and H(2)O(2) scavenging in seed after 5h. Seeds treated with 1-120 microM H(2)O(2) for 8h and germinated in saline (150 mM NaCl) medium curtailed the mean germination time (MGT) being even less than water controls. Level of H(2)O(2) in seedlings arising from H(2)O(2)-treated seeds grown under salinity was markedly lower than salinized controls, suggesting the operation of antioxidant system in them. These seedlings exhibited better photosynthetic capacity, particularly the stomatal conductance (gs), thus improving the leaf gas exchange due to stomatal component of photosynthesis. Moreover, H(2)O(2) treatment improved leaf water relations and maintained turgor. Although Na(+) and Cl(-) content increased due to salinity, H(2)O(2)-treated seedlings displayed greater tissue K(+), Ca(2+), NO(3)(-) PO(4)(3-) levels and improved K(+):Na(+) ratio. H(2)O(2) treatment enhanced the membrane properties, as revealed from greatly reduced relative membrane permeability (RMP) and less altered ion leakage pattern (comparable to water controls). Seedlings exhibited the expression of two heat-stable (stress) proteins with apparent molecular masses of 32 and 52 kDa. Results suggest that H(2)O(2) signals the activation of antioxidants in seed, which persists in the seedlings to offset the ion-induced oxidative damage. These changes led to the expression of stress proteins and improved physiological attributes, which supported the seedling growth under salinity.

PMID: 16545492

... 这与前人^[10,32]的研究结果一致,可能与H₂O₂能够诱导抗氧化酶基因的表达有关^[33],但具体机制尚待进一步研究 ...

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... 这与前人^[10,32]的研究结果一致,可能与H₂O₂能够诱导抗氧化酶基因的表达有关^[33],但具体机制尚待进一步研究 ...

2009

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. 2009, 36(8):1140-1146

外源过氧化氢对干旱胁迫下温室黄瓜叶绿体超微结构和抗氧化酶的影响

刘忠静, 郭延奎, 林少航

(State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong 271018,China)

... 但近来的研究表明,H₂O₂也是植物体内一种重要的信号分子^[4],参与调控植物的生长发育^[5]及对各种非生物逆境胁迫的应答过程^[6,7,8] ...

2010

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. 2010, 24(4):391-397 DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1001-7216.2010.04.010

H 2 O 2 预处理对不同水稻品种Cd耐性的影响

白晓娟, 刘丽娟, 张春华

... 但近来的研究表明,H₂O₂也是植物体内一种重要的信号分子^[4],参与调控植物的生长发育^[5]及对各种非生物逆境胁迫的应答过程^[6,7,8] ...

... 01 mmol/L H₂O₂能够有效减轻NaCl胁迫对燕麦幼苗生长的抑制作用(图1),这与外源H₂O₂能够缓解受旱小麦^[23]和Cd胁迫水稻^[8]生长受抑的结果一致 ...

... 这与H₂O₂预处理能够提高铝胁迫下黑豆(Ribes nigrum)可溶性蛋白质含量^[28]及Cd胁迫下水稻谷胱甘肽转硫酶活性^[8]的结果类似 ...

2007

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... 张波和张怀刚^[11]研究表明,外源H₂O₂通过提高叶绿素、可溶性糖和谷胱甘肽含量有效增强了小麦幼苗的耐盐性 ...

... 处理5 d后取全钵所有幼苗的倒数第23片展开叶^[11]用液氮速冻后-70℃保存,及时测定相关生理指标 ...

... 张波和张怀刚^[11]报道,外源H₂O₂可提高盐胁迫下小麦幼苗的可溶性糖和谷胱甘肽含量 ...

... 可溶性糖和脯氨酸等是细胞重要的有机渗透调节物质,它们含量的变化与植物抗逆性密切相关^[11] ...

2014

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. 2014, 33(1):89-97

外源一氧化氮和过氧化氢调节菊苣盐适应性

谷文英, 莫平华, 杨江山

... 谷文英等^[12]研究发现,H₂O₂处理对菊苣(Cichorium intybus)幼苗盐胁迫的缓解效应与其上调抗氧化酶活性和逆境蛋白表达有关 ...

2015

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. 2015, 24(1):183-189 DOI:10.11686/cyxb20150122

4种燕麦对NaCl胁迫的生理响应及耐盐性评价

刘凤歧, 刘杰淋, 朱瑞芬

... 不同品种燕麦对盐胁迫的生理响应及耐盐性存在很大差异^[16] ...

2000

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2002

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... 3 O2·-产生速率、H₂O₂和MDA含量的测定 O2·-产生速率按陈建勋和王晓峰^[18]的方法测定 ...

... 丙二醛(MDA)含量采用硫代巴比妥酸法测定^[18] ...

2005

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... 3 讨论植物在盐胁迫下首先遭受渗透胁迫和离子毒害,进而引起活性氧代谢失调,造成细胞代谢紊乱和生长受抑^[22] ...

2010

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... 01 mmol/L H₂O₂能够有效减轻NaCl胁迫对燕麦幼苗生长的抑制作用(图1),这与外源H₂O₂能够缓解受旱小麦^[23]和Cd胁迫水稻^[8]生长受抑的结果一致 ...

2008

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... 木质素是一种高度交联的酚类聚合物,由此增强了植物向上生长所需要的机械支持力,有利于植物生长^[25] ...

2007

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... 盐胁迫下会导致胞质Na⁺积累,过多的Na⁺则通过跨质膜转运或跨液泡膜区域化到液泡中以减轻盐离子毒害^[26] ...

2006

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... 魏小红等^[27]研究表明,H₂O₂能够调节烟草(Nicotiana tabacum)脯氨酸、游离氨基酸和可溶性蛋白质的含量 ...

2013

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... 这与H₂O₂预处理能够提高铝胁迫下黑豆(Ribes nigrum)可溶性蛋白质含量^[28]及Cd胁迫下水稻谷胱甘肽转硫酶活性^[8]的结果类似 ...