不同营养水平对淘汰荷斯坦奶牛消化代谢、肉品质的影响

doi:10.11686/cyxb20140616

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为了研究不同能量蛋白水平对淘汰荷斯坦奶牛消化代谢、肉品质的影响。采用单因素随机设计,选择体重相近的健康淘汰荷斯坦奶牛32头,随机分成4组,Ⅰ组(低营养水平)、Ⅱ(中营养水平)、Ⅲ(较高营养水平)、Ⅳ(高营养水平),试验分两期进行。结果表明,随着日粮营养水平的增加,各试验组粗蛋白、粗脂肪表观消化率差异显著(P<0.05),其中Ⅲ组最高,分别达到72.47%和80.64%;Ⅳ组背膘厚度比Ⅰ组提高了73.33%(P<0.05)。日粮营养水平能显著影响熟肉率、肉中脂肪和脂肪酸含量。其中,Ⅲ组熟肉率最高,为49.73%,比Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组、Ⅳ组分别提高6.03%,7.87%和4.30%(P<0.01);牛肉中脂肪含量Ⅰ组最低,为4.08%,Ⅳ组最高,达到6.94%;各试验组牛肉中多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)差异显著(P<0.05),Ⅳ组PUFA含量最低,为3.67%,Ⅱ组最高,达到5.93%,Ⅱ组比Ⅳ组提高61.58%(P<0.05),Ⅲ组PUFA含量比Ⅰ组、Ⅳ组分别高2.47%和58.31%(P<0.05)。因此,淘汰荷斯坦奶牛育肥营养水平建议值为:体重410~470 kg,干物质采食量为11.03~11.53 kg/d,DE摄入量为147.86~150.05 MJ/d,CP摄入量为1.57~1.66 kg/d(DM);育肥牛体重470~530 kg,干物质采食量为10.76~11.23 kg/d,DE摄入量为149.18~151.21 MJ/d,CP摄入量为1.53~1.62 kg/d(DM)。

Abstract: The study aimed to investigate the influence of different nutrition levels on the digestion metabolism and beef quality of Holstein culled cows. Thirty-two healthy cows were randomly divided into four groups (n=8) in a single-factor design. Four experimental diets were used at different levels of energy and protein, namely group Ⅰ (low nutrition), group Ⅱ (medium nutrition), group Ⅲ (high nutrition) and group Ⅳ (higher nutrition). The experiment included two stages. With the increase in nutrition levels, the apparent digestibility of crude protein and crude fat were significantly different. The apparent digestibility of crude protein and fat in group Ⅲ were the highest (72.47% and 80.64%). Compared with group Ⅰ, the back fat thickness of group Ⅳ increased by 73.33%. The meat cooking rate, fat content and fatty acid content were significantly affected by nutrition levels. The cooking rate of group Ⅲ was 49.73% higher than those of groups Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅳ by 6.03%, 7.87% and 4.30% respectively. The fat content of beef increased by 70.10% compared to groups Ⅳ and Ⅰ. The polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) content of group Ⅳ was the lowest (3.67%) and it was the highest in group Ⅱ (5.93%). Compared with groups Ⅰ and Ⅳ, PUFA content of group Ⅲ was clearly higher. Therefore, the suggested values of nutritional level for finishing Holstein culling cows in the 410-470 kg live weight range are 11.03-11.53 kg/d dry matter intake, 147.86-150.05 MJ/d digested energy intake and 1.57-1.66 kg/d crude protein intake.The values for cows in the 470-530 kg live weight range are 10.76-11.23 kg/d DMI, 149.18-151.21 MJ/d DE and 1.53-1.62 kg/d CPI respectively.

中图分类号:

S823.9⁺1

李秋凤,李春芳,曹玉凤,李建国,殷元虎,李伟. 不同营养水平对淘汰荷斯坦奶牛消化代谢、肉品质的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2014, 23(6): 126-135.

LI Qiu-feng,LI Chun-fang,CAO Yu-feng,LI Jian-guo,YIN Yuan-hu,LI Wei. Influence of different nutrition levels on the digestion metabolism and beef quality of Holstein culling cows[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2014, 23(6): 126-135.

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