单播与混播下紫花苜蓿与无芒雀麦生物量对氮肥的响应

doi:10.11686/cyxb20140619

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 禾本科与豆科牧草的混播,是人工草地建植的最主要方式之一,研究氮肥对豆禾混播草地影响对维持混播草地的持续稳定生产具有重要意义。试验在温室栽培条件下研究了3个氮肥梯度(0,75,150 kg N/hm²,记作N₀,N₇₅,N₁₅₀)对无芒雀麦单播,紫花苜蓿单播以及它们混播(分别记作G-G,L-L,G-L)生物量的影响。研究结果表明,1)在单播时,无芒雀麦对氮肥的响应较敏感,施入氮肥显著地提高无芒雀麦的生物量(P<0.05),而对紫花苜蓿的生物量无显著影响(P>0.05)。在混播时,无芒雀麦对有效氮的竞争胜过紫花苜蓿,施氮能显著地增加混播中无芒雀麦牧草的生物量(P<0.05),间接地抑制了紫花苜蓿生物量的发展。2)无芒雀麦和紫花苜蓿混播的总生物量介于它们单播时生物量之间,却高于它们单播时生物量的平均值。3)无芒雀麦单株地上生物量在混播时显著高于单播(P<0.05)。相反,紫花苜蓿的单株地上生物量单播显著高于混播(P<0.05)。这说明在混播系统中,无芒雀麦混播效应表现为积极的促进作用,紫花苜蓿混播效应表现为消极的抑制作用。4)在无芒雀麦和紫花苜蓿的混播中,无芒雀麦和紫花苜蓿的生长处于动态的消长中,这种变化通过土壤无机氮的水平来调控。

Abstract: It is essential to understand the effect of nitrogen (N) fertilizer in maintaining stable biomass production in mixed legume-grass grasslands. In this study, the effects of three N levels (0, 75 and 150 kg N/ha; denoted as N₀, N₇₅ and N₁₅₀) on the biomasses of smooth brome and alfalfa in mono-culture and mixed-culture were investigated in greenhouse cultivation conditions. In mono-culture, N fertilizer significantly improved smooth brome biomass but had no significant effect on alfalfa biomass. In mixed-cultures, applying N significantly improved smooth brome biomass and indirectly inhibited the growth of alfalfa. In mixed-cultures, the biomass of smooth brome and alfalfa fell between the mono-culture values but was higher on average. The biomass of a single plant of smooth brome was significantly higher in mixed grassland than in mono-culture. The biomass of single alfalfa plants was significantly higher in mono-culture than in mixed grasslands. The study thus suggests that in mixed grasslands nitrogen positively stimulates smooth brome and suppresses alfalfa. In mixed grasslands, the growth of smooth brome and alfalfa changed dynamically and was regulated by inorganic N levels in the soil.

中图分类号:

S541⁺.106

谢开云,李向林,何峰,万里强,王栋,秦燕,余群. 单播与混播下紫花苜蓿与无芒雀麦生物量对氮肥的响应[J]. 草业学报, 2014, 23(6): 148-156.

XIE Kai-yun,LI Xiang-lin,HE Feng,WAN Li-qiang,WANG Dong,QIN Yan,YU Qun. Response of alfalfa and smooth brome to nitrogen fertilizer in monoculture and mixed grasslands[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2014, 23(6): 148-156.

参考文献

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[31]Trenbeith B. Biomass productivity of mixtures[J]. Advances in Agronomy, 1975, 26: 177.
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[33]Fornara D, Tilman D. Plant functional composition influences rates of soil carbon and nitrogen accumulation[J]. Journal of Ecology, 2008, 96(2): 314-322.
[34]Haby V A, Stout S A, Hons F M,et al. Nitrogen fixation and transfer in a mixed stand of alfalfa and bermuda grass[J]. Agronomy Journal, 2006, 98(4): 890-898.
[35]Tomm G O, Walley F L, van Kessel C,et al. Nitrogen cycling in an alfalfa and bromegrass sward via litterfall and harvest losses[J]. Agronomy Journal, 1995, 87(6): 1078-1085.
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[37]Carlsson G, Palmborg C, Jumpponen A,et al. N2 fixation in three perennial Trifolium species in experimental grasslands of varied plant species richness and composition[J]. Plant Ecology, 2009, 205(1): 87-104.
[38]Nesheim L, Boller B. Nitrogen fixation by white clover when competing with grasses at moderately low temperatures[J]. Plant and Soil, 1991, 133(1): 47-56.
[39]Woledge J, Davidson K, Dennis W. Growth and photosynthesis of tall and short cultivars of white clover with tall and short grasses[J]. Grass and Forage Science, 1992, 47(3): 230-238.

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