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草业学报 ›› 2013, Vol. 22 ›› Issue (6): 11-20.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb20130602

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

塔里木河下游漫溢干扰频次和持续时间对河岸植被和土壤的影响差异

傅荩仪1,2,徐海量1*,赵新风1,白元1,2,王希义1,2   

  1. 1.中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 绿洲生态与荒漠环境重点实验室,新疆 乌鲁木齐 830011;
    2.中国科学院大学,北京 100049
  • 出版日期:2013-12-20 发布日期:2013-12-20
  • 通讯作者: 傅荩仪(1987-),女,陕西宜川人,硕士。E-mail:fjy271@sina.com
    *通讯作者。E-mail:xuhl@ms.xjb.ac.cn
  • 作者简介:傅荩仪(1987-),女,陕西宜川人,硕士。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(41171427)资助。

Differences in the impacts of flooding frequency and duration on riparian vegetation and soil in the Lower Tarim River

FU Jin-yi1,2, XU Hai-liang1, ZHAO Xin-feng1, BAI Yuan1,2, WANG Xi-yi1,2   

  1. 1.Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology and Desert Environment, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China;
    2.University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
  • Online:2013-12-20 Published:2013-12-20

摘要: 在塔里木河下游选取不同频次和持续时间的漫溢样地进行地表植被和表层土壤调查,以分析漫溢干扰的频次和持续时间差异对于植物群落特征和土壤性质的影响。结果表明,1)漫溢干扰使得一年生草本和多年生草本在植物群落中的重要值有所增加,其中多年生草本在2个漫溢频次样地和3个漫溢持续时间样地中占据优势,说明漫溢干扰后多年生草本逐渐替代乔灌木成为主要的群落组成物种。2)漫溢频次样地中以“多年多次”漫溢样地的多样性指数值最大,其Simpson指数,Shannon-Wiener指数和Margalef指数与对照样地相比均具有极显著差异,指数值分别为:0.523,0.979和1.023。3)漫溢持续时间样地中以“10~20 d”和“20~30 d”两个漫溢样地具有最大多样性指数,其中“20~30 d”漫溢样地的Simpson指数和Shannon-Wiener指数及“10~20 d”漫溢样地的Margalef指数与对照样地之间的差异均为极显著,指数值分别为0.451,0.777和0.863。4)漫溢干扰使得表层土壤电导率极显著减小,最小值出现在“一年1~2次”漫溢样地(1.148 ms/cm)和“10~20 d”漫溢样地(1.155 ms/cm)。“多年多次”漫溢样地和“5~10 d”漫溢样地的表层土壤有机质明显增加,有机质含量分别为11.577和8.770 g/kg;其余漫溢样地的表层土壤有机质均小于对照样地。综合分析认为,频次为多年多次且持续时间在10~30 d的漫溢干扰对塔里木河下游植被恢复最为有利。

Abstract: To analyse the impacts of frequency and duration of flooding on the regional riparian vegetation and soil, a field survey of riparian vegetation and soil was carried out in selected plots with different flooding frequencies and durations in the Lower Tarim River. 1) The importance values of annual and perennial herbs increased with flooding disturbance. After flooding, perennial herbs dominated instead of shrubs and trees in two sample plots of flooding frequency and in three sample plots of flooding duration. 2) In the flooding frequency plots, the one flooded many times in many years had the richest diversity with values of Simpson index, Shannon-Wiener index and Margalef index of 0.523, 0.979 and 1.023, respectively. 3) In the flooding duration plots, the ones flooded for 10-20 days and 20-30 days had the largest diversity indexes. The former had the largest Margalef index (0.863), and the latter had the largest Simpson index and Shannon-Wiener index (0.451 and 0.777 respectively). 4) Flooding reduced the surface soil conductivity very significantly, and was at a minimum in the sample plots flooded once to twice per year (1.148 ms/cm) and flooded for 10-20 days (1.155 ms/cm). The organic matter of the surface soil increased in the sample plots flooded many times in many years and in those flooded for 5-10 days (values of 11.577 and 8.770 g/kg respectively). The organic matter of other sample plots were all less than that of the control plots. Accordingly, to encourage vegetation restoration in the Lower Tarim River, it is advisable to proceed with flooding many times for many years with a duration of 10-30 days per time.

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