Abstract: Long-term ecological research has resulted in a large amount of data on aboveground biomass and productivity, and on climatic and soil regimes at the animal husbandry meteorological experiment station of Inner Mongolia Hulunbeir meadow steppe. Using monthly aboveground biomass data in the growing seasons of 1994-2009, dynamic changes of the simulated aboveground net primary production (ANPP) were studied with the CENTURY model in Inner Mongolia meadow steppe and the correlations of ANPP with 26 meteorological parameters from 1961-2010, were analysed. The r² for comparison of the observed and simulated aboveground biomass in the growing season was 0.53, the slope was 0.94, root mean square error was 72.07 g/m² and the ratio of the absolute mean error was 38.02%. These results suggested that the CENTURY model can successfully simulate the seasonal and inter-annual trend of ANPP in Hulunbeir meadow steppe. Over the last 50 years, the temperature has increased, the precipitation increased slightly and ANPP also increased. Along with temperature and precipitation changes, the change curve of simulated ANPP indicated significant seasonal changes. ANPP was significantly and positively correlated with the precipitation in the growing season, and was positively correlated with annual mean minimum temperature, mean surface temperature, annual mean temperature, precipitation of July, and was significantly negatively correlated with annual average wind speed but not with other meteorological parameters. Predicted cllimate data of RCM PRECIS output was analysed for 2021-2050. Under the SRES (special report on emission scenarios) B2, A2 and A1B scenarios, in Hulunbeir meadow steppe, mean maximum temperature and mean minimum temperature both showed significantl increasing trends in the future, with a slight increase in precipitation. ANPP significantly increased by 67.14%, 69.65% and 76.58% compared to that in 1961-1990, and the rising rates were 16.51, 17.34, and 16.42 g/m²·10 a, respectively. Under SRES B2, A2 and A1B scenarios, the climate change in the future would have significant positive impacts on the productivity of the Hulunbeir meadow steppe.