常用粗饲料营养成分和饲用价值分析

doi:10.11686/cyxb20150514

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 通过常规化学分析法和康奈尔净碳水化合物-蛋白质体系(CNCPS)评定不同粗饲料的营养成分并比较其组成差异,结合粗饲料品质评定预测公式评定其饲用价值。结果表明,1)黑麦草、甘薯蔓与牛鞭草的粗蛋白质(CP)、粗脂肪(EE)、可溶性粗蛋白质(SCP)和非蛋白氮(NPN)含量显著高于玉米秸秆和稻草,中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)含量显著低于玉米秸秆和稻草。 2)黑麦草和甘薯蔓的糖类(CA)、快速降解真蛋白(PB₁)含量显著高于其他粗饲料,甘薯蔓、黑麦草和牛鞭草淀粉和果胶(CB₁)、非结构碳水化合物(NSC)和慢速降解真蛋白(PB₃)显著高于稻草和玉米秸秆。稻草的可利用纤维(CB₂)含量显著高于其他粗饲料,玉米秸秆的碳水化合物(CHO)、不可利用碳水化合物(CC)和中速降解蛋白质部分(PB₂)含量显著高于其他粗饲料。3)不同粗饲料氨基酸(AA)组成差异大,提供限制性氨基酸的潜力不同,黑麦草的总氨基酸(TAA)、必需氨基酸(EAA)和限制性氨基酸(LAA)的含量显著高于其他粗饲料,玉米秸秆和稻草最低。4)黑麦草的可消化干物质量(DDM)和粗饲料相对值(RFV)均显著高于其他粗饲料,甘薯蔓的干物质随意采食(DMI)和RFV显著高于牛鞭草,玉米秸秆和稻草的DMI、DDM和RFV均为最低,且两者差异不显著。因此,黑麦草的营养价值最高,其次为牛鞭草和甘薯蔓,玉米秸秆和稻草最低。

Abstract: The nutrient composition of different roughages was evaluated using basic chemical analysis and the Cornell net carbohydrate and protein system (CNCPS). Nutrient composition was compared and feeding values calculated using the prediction formula for feeding quality evaluation. The results indicated that the contents of crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), soluble crude protein (SCP), and non-protein nitrogen (NPN) in Lolium perenne, Hemarthria altissima and sweet potato stem were significantly higher than those in corn stover and rice straw. In contrast, contents of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) in L. perenne, H. altissima and sweet potato stem were significantly lower than those in corn stover and rice straw. The L. perenne and sweet potato stem had higher levels of sugar (CA) and rapidly degraded pure protein (PB₁) than the other roughages analyzed. Compared to corn stover and rice straw, H. altissima, L. perenne and sweet potato stem had higher levels of starch, pectin (CB1), non-structural carbohydrates (NSC) and slowly degraded pure protein (PB₃). Rice straw had the highest levels of available fiber (CB₂), and corn stover had the highest levels of carbohydrate (CHO), unavailable fiber (CC) and intermediately degraded pure protein (PB₂). The amino acid (AA) components of the roughages were significantly different, with different potentials for supplying limiting amino acid (LAA). Among the roughages analyzed, L. perenne had the highest level of total amino acids (TAA), essential amino-acid (EAA) and LAA, while corn stover and rice straw had the lowest. L. perenne had higher levels of digestible dry matter (DDM) and relative feed value (RFV) than the other roughages. The contents of dry matter intake (DMI) and RFV in sweet potato stem were significantly higher than those in H. altissima, while the contents of DMI, DDM and RFV in corn stover and rice straw were the lowest levels, with no significant differences between them. Therefore, L. perenne has the highest nutrient value and H. altissima and sweet potato stem are mid-range, while corn stover and rice straw have the lowest nutrient value.

陈艳, 王之盛, 张晓明, 吴发莉, 邹华围. 常用粗饲料营养成分和饲用价值分析[J]. 草业学报, 2015, 24(5): 117-125.

CHEN Yan, WANG Zhi-Sheng, ZHANG Xiao-Ming, WU Fa-Li, ZOU Hua-Wei. Analysis of the nutritional components and feeding values of commonly used roughages[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2015, 24(5): 117-125.

参考文献

[1] Tedeschi L O, Fox D G, Doane P H. Evaluation of the tabular feed energy and protein undegradability values of the National Research Council nutrient requirements of beef cattle. The Professional Animal Scientist, 2005, 21(5): 403-415.
[2] Dong X N, Gao C F, Zhang X P, et al . Analysis of allelochemicals and allelopathic effects of Lolium multiflorum roots on weeds. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2013, 22(4): 61-68.
[3] Dong C F, Ding C L, Xu N X, et al . A study on the harvest time of different rice ( Oryza sativa ) varieties for grain-strawdual use. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2014, 23(1): 65-72.
[4] Jin L P, Li Y L, Tu Y, et al . Evaluation of nutrient values of common roughages for dairy cattle in northern china using Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System. Chinese Journal of Nutrition, 2013, 25(3): 512-526.
[5] Qu Y L,Wu J H, Li T. Use of Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System for evaluation of nutrient value of feeds to dairy cattle in the northeast agricultural region of China. Chinese Journal of Nutrition, 2010, 22(1): 201-206.
[6] Xie Y X, Meng Q X, Dai J F, et al . Research progress and development trend of Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System in China. China Animal Husbandry&Veterinary Medicine, 2010, (5): 17-20.
[7] Li W, Gao M, Lu D X, et al . Analysis and comparison of CNCPS with NRC and research progress of CNCPS in ruminants. Feed Industry, 2008, 29(13): 45-48.
[8] Yu Z. Application of CNCPS to Ration Evaluation and Performance Prediction in Dairy Cattle[D]. Harbin: Northeast Agricultural University, 2007.
[9] Chen Y G, Zhang B, Li L L, et al . Effect of small peptide on concentrations of blood glucose, blood ammonia and total amino acids of plasma in portal vein of goats. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2006, 15(1): 97-101.
[10] Rulquin H, Guinard J, Vérité R. Variation of amino acid content in the small intestine digesta of cattle: development of a prediction model. Livestock Production Science, 1998, 53(1): 1-13.
[11] Zhang L Y. Analysis of Feed and Feed Quality Inspection Technology (3)[M]. Beijing: China Agricultural University Press, 2007: 49-80.
[12] Van Soest P J, Robertson J B, Lewis B A. Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and non-starch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. Journal of Dairy Science, 1991, 74(10): 3583-3597.
[13] Krishnamoorthy U, Sniffen C J, Stern M D, et al . Evaluation of a mathematical model of rumen digestion and an in vitro simulation of rumen proteolysis to estimate the rumen-undegraded nitrogen content of feedstuffs. British Journal of Nutrition, 1983, 50(3): 555-568.
[14] Licitra G, Hernandez T M, Van Soest P J. Standardization of procedures for nitrogen fractionation of ruminant feeds. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 1996, 57(4): 347-358.
[15] Amercan Association of Cereal Chemisits(AACC). Approved Methods of the AACC[S]. Saint Paul, Minnesota: American Association of Cereal Chemists, 1976.
[16] Sniffen C, O'connor J, Van Soest P, et al . A net Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System for evaluating cattle diets: II. Carbohydrate and protein availability. Journal of Animal Science, 1992, 70: 3562-3577.
[17] Rohweder D A, Barnes R F, Jorgensen N. Proposed hay grading standards based on laboratory analyses for evaluating quality. Journal of Animal Science, 1978, 47: 747-759.
[18] FAO/WHO. Energy and Protein Requirement[R]. Gneva: WHO, 1973.
[19] Jia H J, Li Y Q, Li Q F, et al . Studies on rumen degradabilities of different cuts of alfalfa hay for dairy cows. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2010, 26(2): 30-33.
[20] Kong Q B, Zhang X M. Effects of chopped length of alfalfa hay on nitrogen balance and energy metabolism of chinese Holstein heifers. Chinese Journal of Nutrition, 2008, 20(4): 429-434.
[21] Leng J, Zhang Y, Zhu R J, et al . Rumen degradation characteristics of five types of forages in the yunnan yellow cattle. Chinese Journal of Nutrition, 2011, 23(1): 53-60.
[22] Coblentz W K, Abdelgadir I E O, Cochran R C, et al . Degradability of forage proteins by in situ and in vitro enzymatic methods. Journal of Dairy Science, 1999, 82(2): 343-354.
[23] Zhang L, Liu D Y, Shao T. The feeding value and utilization prospect of Lolium multiflorum . Pratacultural Science, 2008, 25(4): 64-69.
[24] Wu Y Q, Du Y. Study of Hemarthria . Journal of Sichuan Agricultural University, 1992, 10(2): 260-265.
[25] Ji C.Animal Nutrition[M]. Beijing: Higher Education Press, 2007.
[26] Zhou J H, Zou C X, Liang X W, et al . Evaluation of nutritive value of common roughages for guangxi water buffalo by cornell net carbohydrate and protein system. Chinese Journal of Nutrition, 2011, 23(12): 2190-2197.
[27] Mu H J, Liu Q H, Xing Q Y. Nutrient dynamic and feeding values of wheat straws in different growing stages. Chinese Journal of Nutrition, 2014, 26(2): 549-556.
[28] Tian C L, Jie X L, Liu Y, et al . Effects of Se-Zn and fulvic acid combined application on nutrient component and amino acids formation of alfalfa. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2014, 23(2): 66-75.
[29] Wang H R. Recent advances in amino acid nutritional balance theory for ruminants and its application. Chinese Journal of Nutrition, 2013, 25(4): 669-676.
[30] Schwab C G, Bozak C K, Whitehouse N L, et al . Amino acid limitation and flow to duodenum at four stages of lactation. 1. sequence of lysine and methionine limitation. Journal of Dairy Science, 1992, 75(12): 3486-3502.
[2] 董晓宁, 高承芳, 张晓佩, 等. 多花黑麦草根系抑草潜力评价及其化感物质分析. 草业学报, 2013, 22(4): 61-68.
[3] 董臣飞, 丁成龙 ,许能祥, 等. 不同水稻品种谷草双优收获期研究. 草业学报, 2014, 23(1): 65-72.
[4] 靳玲品, 李艳玲, 屠焰, 等. 应用康奈尔净碳水化合物-蛋白质体系评定我国北方奶牛常用粗饲料的营养价值. 动物营养学报, 2013, 25(3): 512-526.
[5] 曲永利, 吴健豪, 李铁. 应用康奈尔净碳水化合物-蛋白质体系评定东北农区奶牛饲料营养价值. 动物营养学报, 2010, 22(1): 201-206.
[6] 解样学, 孟庆翔, 代俊芳, 等. 康奈尔净碳水化合物-蛋白质体系在中国的研究进展及发展趋势. 中国畜牧兽医, 2010, (5): 17-20.
[7] 李威, 高民, 卢德勋, 等. CNCPS与NRC在反刍动物方面的分析比较及其研究进展. 饲料工业, 2008, 29(13): 45-48.
[8] 于震. CNCPS在奶牛日粮评价和生产预测上的应用[D]. 哈尔滨: 东北农业大学, 2007.
[9] 陈宇光, 张彬, 李丽立, 等. 小肽对山羊门静脉血糖血氨和血浆氨基酸浓度的影响. 草业学报, 2006, 15(1): 97-101.
[11] 张丽英. 饲料分析及饲料质量检测技术(3版)[M]. 北京: 中国农业大学出版社, 2007: 49-80.
[19] 贾海军, 李运起, 李秋凤, 等. 不同茬次的苜蓿干草在奶牛瘤胃中的降解规律研究. 中国农学通报, 2010, 26(2): 30-33.
[20] 孔庆斌, 张晓明. 苜蓿干草切割长度对荷斯坦育成母牛日粮氮平衡和能量代谢的影响. 动物营养学报, 2008, 20(4): 429-434.
[21] 冷静, 张颖, 朱仁俊, 等. 5种牧草在云南黄牛瘤胃中的降解特性. 动物营养学报, 2011, 23(1): 53-60.
[23] 张磊, 刘东燕, 邵涛. 黑麦草的饲用价值及其应用前景. 草业科学, 2008, 25(4): 64-69.
[24] 吴彦奇, 杜逸. 牛鞭草的研究. 四川农业大学学报, 1992, 10(2): 260-265.
[25] 计成.动物营养学[M]. 北京: 高等教育出版社, 2007.
[26] 周俊华, 邹彩霞, 梁贤威, 等. 应用康奈尔净碳水化合物-蛋白质体系评定广西水牛常用粗饲料营养价值. 动物营养学报, 2011, 23(12): 2190-2197.
[27] 穆会杰, 刘庆华, 邢其银. 不同生育期小麦秸营养动态及饲用价值. 动物营养学报, 2014, 26(2): 549-556.
[28] 田春丽, 介晓磊, 刘巘, 等. 硒锌与富啡酸配施对紫花苜蓿产量,营养成分及氨基酸组成的影响. 草业学报, 2014, 23(2): 66-75.
[29] 王洪荣. 反刍动物氨基酸营养平衡理论及其应用. 动物营养学报, 2013, 25(4): 669-676.