紫茎泽兰浸提液对牧草种子发芽和幼苗生长的影响

doi:10.11686/cyxb2015393

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 紫茎泽兰被我国列为16种有害外侵物种之首,在西南地区大规模侵入草场、农田、森林,很有必要了解其化感效应,研发无害化处理与资源化利用相结合的技术。试验以广泛分布于四川省凉山州的白三叶、黑麦草和紫花苜蓿为材料,比较了新鲜(extract of fresh E. adenophorum, EFA)和腐熟紫茎泽兰的浸提液(extract of composed E. adenophorum, ECA)对牧草种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响,以明确这种外侵植物对草场植被的危害作用和腐熟处理效果。随EFA浸种和培养浓度的提高,不同程度地抑制牧草种子发芽和幼苗生长。当浓度达到100 mg/L EFA时,牧草根毛消失,根尖向上卷曲,离开EFA,根尖发黑,甚至死亡。相反,用铜绿假单胞菌(Pseudomonas putita sp.)和高温纤维菌(Clostridium thermocellum sp.)组成的混合菌剂腐熟紫茎泽兰后,ECA提高牧草种子发芽率、发芽指数和活力指数,并促进幼苗生长,其最大增幅达到21.11%(种子发芽率),24.12%(苗高)和22.48%(生物量)。此外,用100 mg/L EFA浸种和培养牧草幼苗,抑制胚乳中的淀粉、蛋白质和肌醇磷酸盐水解,显著降低游离氨基酸、可溶性糖、可溶性磷,以及幼苗中的叶绿素、根系活力及硝酸还原酶活性,ECA则相反。这可能是EFA抑制(或ECA促进)牧草种子发芽和幼苗生长的重要生理原因之一。因此,EFA含有对牧草有害化感的物质,抑制其种子发芽和幼苗生长;腐熟紫茎泽兰可降解毒素,刺激牧草种子发芽,促进幼苗生长,实现紫茎泽兰的无害化处理与资源化利用,为当地农业和畜牧业生产提供大量的优质有机肥源。

Abstract: Eupatorium adenophorum is a serious grass weed, among the 16 most invasive plant species in China, widespread in pasture, agricultural land and forests in Southwest China. The potential allelopathic effects of this grass and mitigation strategies were investigated. Trifolium fragiferum, Lolium perenne and Medicago sativa, widely distributed in Liangshan, Sichuan, were used to investigate seed germination and seedling growth by comparing the extracts of composted and fresh E. adenophorum (extract of composted E. adenophorum, ECA; extract of fresh E. adenophorum, EFA) to determine the effects of E. adenophorum on pasture species and to develop a composting technique. Soaking seed in EFA depressed seed germination and young seedling growth to some extent; the effect was greater at higher concentrations. Seedling roots grew away from the EFA solution and some root tips blackened and died when growing in 100 mg/L EFA solution. After composting with a complex agent consisting of Pseudomonas putita sp. and Clostridium thermocellum sp., ECA increased the rate of seed germination by 21.1%, increased seedling height growth by 24.1% and seedling biomass by 22.5%. The results suggest the decomposition of toxicants in E. adenophorum during the composting process promoted seed germination and seedling growth. EFA inhibited hydrolysis of starch, protein and inositol phosphates in embryos,decreasing free amino acids, soluble sugars and soluble phosphorus in seedlings. Chlorophyll content and activities of roots and nitrate reductase were also decreased by EFA in contrast to ECA. Physiological changes in seedlings could be considered as a key reason for the inhibition of seed germination and seedling growth by EFA or promotion by ECA. Composting probably resulted in decomposition of toxins in E. adenophorum, offering a technique for managing the harmful effects of E. adenophorum while providing a large organic fertilizer resource for agriculture.

王亚麒, 焦玉洁, 陈丹梅, 袁玲, 黄玥, 吴叶宽, 杜如万. 紫茎泽兰浸提液对牧草种子发芽和幼苗生长的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2016, 25(2): 150-159.

WANG Ya-Qi, JIAO Yu-Jie, CHEN Dan-Mei, YUAN Ling, HUANG Yue, WU Ye-Kuan, DU Ru-Wan. Effects of Eupatorium adenophorum extracts on seed germination and seedling growth of pasture species[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2016, 25(2): 150-159.

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