老芒麦种子发育过程中生殖枝中糖分、丙酮酸含量及硝酸还原酶活性变化

doi:10.11686/cyxb2015502

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 以灌浆期、乳熟期、蜡熟期老芒麦生殖枝的叶、茎、穗柄、穗轴、种子等构件为研究对象,通过测定各构件可溶性糖(SS)、蔗糖(SU)、淀粉(ST)含量变化,呼吸作用中间产物丙酮酸(PA)含量变化及硝酸还原酶活性(NR)变化,分析糖分含量、呼吸强度及氮代谢速度在发育期间、构件间差异,研究种子发育过程中灌浆物质在源、流、库器官间转移规律,探讨种子饱满度与构件物质含量的关系。结果表明,1)可溶性糖、蔗糖和丙酮酸含量及硝酸还原酶活性在发育期间和构件间均有极显著差异(P<0.01),淀粉含量在构件间差异显著,在发育期间变化较小。2)随种子发育各构件可溶性糖和蔗糖含量显著下降(P<0.05),而淀粉含量无显著增加;乳熟期构件中丙酮酸含量显著增加,蜡熟期又显著下降(P<0.05);灌浆期和乳熟期构件中硝酸还原酶活性无差异,蜡熟期硝酸还原酶活性显著下降(P<0.05)。3)种子发育过程中叶片丙酮酸含量显著高于其他构件,穗轴中可溶性糖、蔗糖和淀粉含量及硝酸还原酶活性数倍于其他构件。4)灌浆期硝酸还原酶活性与构件中可溶性糖、蔗糖、淀粉和丙酮酸含量呈显著正相关(P<0.05),相关性大小为淀粉>蔗糖>可溶性糖>丙酮酸;乳熟期硝酸还原酶活性与糖相关性大小为可溶性糖>淀粉>蔗糖,与丙酮酸含量无显著相关(P>0.05);蜡熟期硝酸还原酶活性仅与可溶性糖和淀粉呈极显著正相关(P<0.01)。5)种子饱满度与叶中可溶性糖含量和穗柄中丙酮酸含量呈显著正相关(P<0.05),与穗轴中硝酸还原酶活性、蔗糖含量呈显著负相关(P<0.05),与种子中硝酸还原酶活性、淀粉含量呈显著正相关。总之,生殖枝各构件均参与种子发育过程中“源-库”物质运输,乳熟期运输速度与贮藏物沉积最快,穗轴对源库流起调控作用,氮代谢速度与种子饱满度显著相关。

Abstract: When Elymus sibiricus was in the filling stage, milk stage and dough stage, respectively, components of reproductive branch, including leave, stem, spike-handle, spike-stalk and seed all were used as research subject. Some index, including soluble sugars (SS), sucrose (SU), starch (ST), respiration intermediate product pyruvate acid (PA) content and nitrate reductase activity (NR) were measured. The objective of study was to analyze the difference of sugar content, respiration rate and metabolic rate of nitrogen during the seed development and among either component, to research the transfer rule of filling material from the source to the library during the seed development, and to explore the relationship between seed plumpness and material content of components. The results showed that: 1) SS, SU and PA content and NR activity exists high significant difference during the seed development and among either components (P<0.01). ST content exists significant difference among either component, and only a little change during the seed development. 2) With seed developing, SS and SU content of either component significantly decline (P<0.05), but ST content has no significant rising. PA content significantly increases at milk stage, but significantly decreases at dough stage (P<0.05). NR activity in the filling stage and milk stage were no difference, but significantly decrease in the dough stage (P<0.05). 3) During the seed development, PA content of leave is significantly higher than that of other components, but SS, SU and ST content and NR activity in the spike-stalk are several times higher than those of other components. 4) During filling stage, NR activity has a significantly positive correlation with SS, ST, SU content and PA activity (P<0.05), with the correlation order of ST>SU>SS>PA. During milk stage, the correlation order between NR activity and sugar content was SS>ST>SU, and NR activity has no significant correlation with PA content (P<0.05). During dough stage, NR activity only has a significant correlation with SS and ST content (P<0.01). 5) Seed plumpness has a significantly positive correlation with SS content of leave, PA content of spike-handle and NR activity and ST content of seed (P<0.05), and a significantly negative correlation with NR activity and SU content of spike-stalk (P<0.05). In a word, components of reproductive branch all participate in material transportation from source to library during seed development. At the milk stage, transportation speed and storage deposit are fastest, and spike-stalk has a control function on source-library flow. Nitrogen metabolism rate is significantly associated with seed plumpness.

刘金平, 范宣, 游明鸿, 王思思, 宗人旭. 老芒麦种子发育过程中生殖枝中糖分、丙酮酸含量及硝酸还原酶活性变化[J]. 草业学报, 2016, 25(5): 69-77.

LIU Jin-Ping, FAN Xuan, YOU Ming-Hong, WANG Si-Si, ZONG Ren-Xu. Changes in sugar, pyruvic acid content and nitrate reductase activity of Elymus sibiricus reproductive branches during seed development[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2016, 25(5): 69-77.

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