Abstract: Miscanthus (Gramineae, Poaceae) has recently received comprehensive attention because of its great potential to be developed and utilized as a new renewable energy plant. To accumulate information about pollen morphology of Miscanthus in China for relevant study, the pollen morphology of 39 accessions from Miscanthus sinensis, M. floridulus, M. sacchariflorus, M. lutarioriparius, M. nepalensis, and M. nudipes were observed using light and scanning electron microscopy. The exine sculpture of pollen grains of Miscanthus was of two types: granulate and verrucate. The latter could be divided into three types: obscurely verrucate, verrucate, and obviously verrucate based on differences of the raised extent of verrucation. There were distinct differences in the exine ornamentation and pollen size between the group containing M. nepalensis and M. nudipes and the group consisting of M. sinensis, M. floridulus, M. sacchariflorus, and M. lutarioriparius, supporting the separation of M. nepalensis and M. nudipes from Miscanthus as a standalone genus, Diandranthus. M. sinensis, M. floridulus, M. sacchariflorus, and M. lutarioriparius shared a high similarity in pollen morphology, showing the close affinity between them. Meanwhile, M. floridulus was more advanced than M. sinensis in evolutionary history. Nevertheless, it may be essential to further investigate the exine structure of pollen grains of Miscanthus in order to clarify the phylogenetic relationship and evolutionary level between the taxa of Miscanthus based on pollen morphology.