铬胁迫对葎草雌雄植株光合生理特性的不同影响

doi:10.11686/cyxb2015436

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

采用盆栽法研究不同铬浓度(Cr³⁺)(分别为0,50,200,300 mg/kg)下葎草雌雄植株气体交换及光合生理特性的不同影响。结果表明,1)对照处理下,雌株的净光合速率(P_n)、叶绿素荧光参数、根鲜重和主茎长比雄株高,叶绿素含量和丙二醛含量比雄株低。2)50 mg/kg时雌雄植株的P_n显著升高,除叶绿素荧光参数有显著减少之外,雄株其余各项指标显著增加,而雌株则与对照相近。200 mg/kg时雌雄植株的P_n与对照相近,MDA含量没有差异,但根鲜重和叶绿素荧光参数却显著降低,且雄株的叶绿素含量和主茎长也明显减少,而雌株却没有变化。300 mg/kg时雌雄植株的P_n和根鲜重显著降低,雄株各项指标的下降比雌株更显著,雌株则通过提高根鲜重、主茎长、蒸腾速率(T_r)和瞬时水分利用效率(WUE_i),并调整光系统Ⅱ反应中心,增强修复能力,以利于有效缓解光合机构的损伤。3)从总体上来看,随Cr³⁺胁迫的加剧,雌雄植株的净光合速率呈现出先升后降,主茎长、根鲜重和叶绿素荧光参数则呈下降趋势,而MDA含量和表观光合电子传递速率(E_TR)呈上升趋势;但雄株的叶绿素含量随着Cr³⁺浓度的增加而逐渐下降,而雌株在不同浓度的铬胁迫下叶绿素含量和光系统Ⅱ反应中心的变化却没有明显规律。因此,适量的铬有利于葎草雌雄植株的生长,显著提高净光合速率,但过高浓度的铬胁迫对雌雄植株具有明显的抑制作用,显著降低光合速率,在逆境胁迫下二者均表现出明显的自我保护的抗逆生理响应机制,尤其是雌株具有更灵活的响应策略以及更强的适应性和耐受性。

Abstract:

This paper studied the differences of sex-specific and photophysiological characteristics of male and female plants of Humulus scandens exposed to chromium (0, 50, 200 and 300 mg Cr³⁺/kg soil). The results showed: 1) the net photosynthetic rate (P_n), chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, root fresh weight and stem length were greater in the females than males for the plants grown under 0 mg/kg (control), but the chlorophyll and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations were lower for females than for the males. 2) Compared with control plants, P_n was significantly increased in the 50 mg/kg Cr³⁺ treatment for both male and female plants, but chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were significantly decreased by Cr³⁺ in male plants and the value of other photophysiological indexes and plant growth were slightly increased by Cr³⁺, while Cr³⁺ had no effect on the value of photophysiological indexes and growth of female plants. The value of P_n and the MDA concentration were similar to those of control plants in 200 mg/kg Cr³⁺ treatment, but the root fresh weight and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were significantly lower than for control plants. However, the 300 mg/kg Cr³⁺ treatment significantly inhibited both of the male and female plants, and in this treatment P_n was significantly decreased (especially in male plants; females demonstrated enhanced ability to repair damage) compared to control plants, and all of the above-mentioned indexes and parameters were also significantly lower than control plants. 3) Overall, P_n of male and female plants first increased and then decreased with Cr³⁺ exposure time, while stem length, root fresh weight and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were directly decreased, and MDA content and the apparent electron transport rate (E_TR) were promoted. However, the chlorophyll content of males decreased with increasing Cr³⁺ concentration, but there was no significant decrease in chlorophyll content and photosystem II reaction centers for the female plants. In summary, P_n was increased by low Cr³⁺ concentration and inhibited by higher Cr³⁺ both in male and female plants. The plants demonstrated self-protective physiological response mechanisms. This was especially true for the female plants, which have a more flexible response strategy with higher tolerance capacity.

王碧霞, 肖娟, 冯旭, 甘丽芬, 唐娅. 铬胁迫对葎草雌雄植株光合生理特性的不同影响[J]. 草业学报, 2016, 25(7): 131-139.

WANG Bi-Xia, XIAO Juan, FENG Xu, GAN Li-Fen, TANG Ya. Effects of Chromium stress on physiological and ecophysiological characteristics of male and female plants of Humulus scandens[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2016, 25(7): 131-139.

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