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草业学报 ›› 2016, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (10): 142-152.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2015519

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

添加剂对玉米秸秆和莴笋叶混贮品质的影响

任海伟1, 2, 3, 窦俊伟3, 赵拓3, 李雪雁3, 李志忠3, 李金平1, 2, *, 孙文斌3, 黄娟娟1, 2   

  1. 1.兰州理工大学西部能源与环境研究中心,甘肃 兰州 730050;
    2.甘肃省生物质能与太阳能互补供能系统重点实验室,甘肃 兰州 730050;
    3.兰州理工大学生命科学与工程学院,甘肃 兰州 730050
  • 收稿日期:2015-11-17 出版日期:2016-10-20 发布日期:2016-10-20
  • 通讯作者: E-mail:lijinping77@163.com
  • 作者简介:任海伟(1983-),男,山西孝义人,副教授。E-mail:rhw52571119@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(51366009,51666010),国家高技术研究发展计划(863)(2014AA052801),甘肃省自然科学基金(1506RJYA106,1508RJYA097)和兰州市科技计划项目(2014-2-20)资助

Effects of additives on the mixed silage quality of corn stover and asparagus lettuce leaves

REN Hai-Wei1, 2, 3, DOU Jun-Wei3, ZHAO Tuo3, LI Xue-Yan3, LI Zhi-Zhong3, LI Jin-Ping1, 2, *, SUN Wen-Bin3, HUANG Juan-Juan1, 2   

  1. 1.China Western Energy & Environment Research Center, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China;
    2.Gansu Key Laboratory of Complementary Energy System of Biomass and Solar Energy, Lanzhou 730050, China;
    3.School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China
  • Received:2015-11-17 Online:2016-10-20 Published:2016-10-20

摘要: 借鉴青贮原理,将干玉米秸秆与水分含量较高的废弃莴笋叶进行混贮,分析不同添加剂对二者混贮品质的影响。设置了对照组(CK)、德氏乳杆菌组(LD)、甲酸组(FA)、复合添加剂组(LD+FA)4个处理,每个处理3次重复,连续贮存50 d,每间隔10 d对干物质和木质纤维组分含量、发酵品质及微生物数量进行分析,比较筛选适宜的添加剂。结果表明,50 d贮存期内,与CK组相比,FA组的干物质损失最小,且添加甲酸青贮后显著降低了纤维素、半纤维素和酸性洗涤木质素、氨态氮/总氮含量和青贮pH(P<0.05),乳酸含量显著增加(P<0.05),V-score评分表现良好;LD组的干物质损失、氨态氮/总氮含量显著高于CK组(P<0.05),青贮pH均高于4.2,V-score评分表现最差;LD+FA组在前30 d的贮存品质较好,之后氨态氮/总氮含量显著增加(P<0.05),贮存品质变差。从延长贮存时间和提高贮存品质等角度考虑,甲酸可以作为干玉米秸秆与莴笋叶混合贮存的添加剂,但应用过程中需要注意成本问题。

Abstract: In this study, the effects of different additives on the mixed ensiling fermentation characteristics of dry corn stover (DCS) and asparagus lettuce leaves (ALL) were investigated under laboratory conditions. Four different treatments were measured: control (CK), formic acid (final concentration of 3.0 mL/kg material, fresh weight, FA), Lactobacillus delbrueckii (final concentration of 1×105 cfu/g material, LD) and a combination of formic acid and L. delbrueckii (FA+LD). Silages were prepared in 1.5 L laboratory-scale glass silos at ambient temperature for 50 days. Ensiling samples were removed from the sealed containers for analysis every 10 days. The results showed that for the FA treatment, the pH value, cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin content, and the ammonia nitrogen to total nitrogen ratio (AN/TN) decreased significantly during the ensiling process (P<0.05), while lactic acid (LA) content increased (P<0.05). After ensiling for 50 days, the highest LA content, the lowest pH, AN/TN and dry matter (DM) loss were found in the FA treatment, indicating good fermentation quality. The DM loss and AN/TN of the LD treatment were significantly higher than the control (P<0.05). The pH value of the LD treatment was higher than 4.2. The silage quality the LD+FA treatment was higher before 30 days than at 40 and 50 days; the AN/TN increased substantially after 40 days and was 10% higher than the recommended value for good quality silage. Based on these results, it is suggested that formic acid can be used as an ensiling additive to improve silage fermentation quality and to prolong the preservation of DCS. However, it is also necessary to consider the cost of formic acid.