家畜放牧对草地啮齿动物影响的研究进展

doi:10.11686/cyxb2015587

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 本文综述了截止2015年国内外文献,分析了家畜放牧对啮齿动物的影响。放牧家畜的践踏和排泄物等引起土壤理化性质改变影响了啮齿类空间利用等,家畜采食影响了啮齿类食物资源及其丰度,采食还引起植物营养成分改变及次生防御化合物的产生,而植被高度变化导致了啮齿动物捕食风险的增加和生活史策略的改变。这些方面的影响与综合作用改变了啮齿动物的微栖息环境、分布、食性,以及领域、采食和挖掘等行为,繁殖和生活史特征;影响了啮齿动物的种群结构、种群数量消长及其调节过程;改变了啮齿动物的群落结构和种间相互作用,引起其群落演替。在综述上述各方面研究进展的基础上,提出放牧对啮齿动物影响的作用途径及其方式,放牧条件下草-畜-鼠耦合机制,不同放牧制度对啮齿动物的影响以及整合现代学科发展的相关探索是未来研究的重点。

Abstract: Knowledge of how livestock grazing affects rodents is important if a solution to the problem of maintaining grassland biodiversity while controlling degradation resulting from rodent damage is to be found. This review summarizes the research on the effect of livestock grazing on rodents in China and other countries up to 2015. Soil physical and chemical properties are changed by both livestock trampling. Changes in vegetation affect rodent food resources and their abundance as do changes in plant nutrient content and secondary defense compounds; rodent predation risk is modulated by decreased vegetation height and structural complexity. The cascading effect of these changes alters rodent microhabitat, feeding behavior, distribution, reproduction and life history traits; this results in changes in the structure of rodent populations, population dynamics and its regulation process as well as community composition structure and biotic interactions leading the community succession. Future research should focus on the effect of grazing on the coupling mechanisms of grass-livestock-rodent interactions and the effects of different grazing systems on rodents. The objective should be to identify effective rodent management techniques to achieve sustainable management of grassland ecosystem.

苏军虎,南志标*,纪维红. 家畜放牧对草地啮齿动物影响的研究进展[J]. 草业学报, 2016, 25(11): 136-148.

SU Jun-Hu, NAN Zhi-Biao, JI Wei-Hong. Effects of livestock grazing on rodents in grassland ecosystems[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2016, 25(11): 136-148.

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