施用生物炭对西南地区紫色土和黄壤的作用效果

doi:10.11686/cyxb2016367

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 探究施用生物炭对紫色土和黄壤的养分含量、酶活性、微生物数量、pH和作物生长状况的影响,为西南地区紫色土和黄壤的改良提供理论依据和现实指导。以紫色土和黄壤为研究对象,分别添加质量分数0(CK)、0.8%(CT₁)、2.0%(CT₂)和4.0%(CT₃)的稻壳生物炭,通过180 d温室油菜盆栽试验,测定土壤性质、土壤微生物数量、酶活性及植株生物量。结果表明,生物炭显著改善了两种土壤的性状,且CT₃效果最佳。添加生物炭后CT₃黄壤中有机质、全氮、全磷、全钾、碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾含量分别是CK的1.3、1.2、4.0、1.1、0.9、33.1和18.0倍,而紫色土中则分别是CK的1.4、1.0、1.5、1.1、0.9、3.8和6.0倍;CT₃显著提高了土壤pH值,黄壤和紫色土分别提高了1.5和0.9个单位。生物炭显著增加了两种土壤细菌、放线菌的数量,促进了紫色土真菌数量增长,CT₃黄壤的细菌、放线菌数量分别较CK增加了677%、395%;CT₃紫色土的细菌、放线菌、真菌数量较CK分别提高了20%、88%、82%。CT₃紫色土的蔗糖酶和过氧化氢酶活性分别较CK提高了106%和30%,对脲酶活性无显著影响;黄壤脲酶活性和过氧化氢酶活性较CK平均分别提高约150%和130%,但蔗糖酶活性平均降低了约40%。CT₁对油菜的株高和生物量均有促进作用,黄壤中分别增加了4.6和11.4倍,紫色土中分别增加了17%和8%,而其他处理均表现为抑制作用。施用适宜比例的稻壳生物炭可以改良紫色土和黄壤的酸度,提高土壤养分含量,改变微生物数量并改善作物生长状况,可作为紫色土和黄壤的改良剂。

Abstract: Purple soil was collected from the National Monitoring Base for Purple Soil Fertility and Fertilizer Efficiency in Beibei, Chongqing and yellow soil from Jinyunshan National Forest Park and used in a greenhouse pot experiment with rapeseed (Brassica napus). Rice husk biochar was applied at 0, 0.8%, 2.0% and 4.0% of the soil weight in each pot; CK, CT₁, CT₂ and CT₃ respectively. The soil nutrient content, soil enzyme activity, microorganism density and plant growth indices were measured after 180 days. The results indicated that both soils were significantly improved by the addition of biochar, the best treatment being CT₃. The organic matter content, total N, P, K, available N, P, K in CT₃ were 1.3, 1.2, 4.0, 1.1, 0.9, 33.1 and 18.0 times those of the CK for yellow soil respectively and 1.4, 1.0, 1.5, 1.1, 0.9, 3.8 and 6.0 times the CK in the purple soil respectively. Compared with the CK, the application of biochar significantly increased the pH in both the purple and yellow soil. Biochar significantly increased the number of two species of soil bacteria, including actinomycetes, and promoted the growth of fungi in the purple soil. The numbers of bacteria and actinomycetes in the CT₃ treatment were increased by 677% and 395% in the yellow soil, while the numbers of bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi in the purple soil were increased by 20%, 88% and 82%, respectively. Invertase and catalase activity were significantly increased by 106% and 30% in the CT₃ treatment, respectively. Similarly, urease and catalase activity were increased by 150% and 130% respectively. Plant heights and biomass of rapeseed in the CT₁ treatment were 4.6 times and 11.4 times of those of the CK in the yellow soil respectively, and 17% and 8% higher than those in CK in the purple soil respectively; other treatments suppressed growth. It was concluded that rice husk biochar could be used as amendment for yellow soil and purple soil in southwest region of China at appropriate application rates.

张旭辉, 李治玲, 李勇, 王洋清. 施用生物炭对西南地区紫色土和黄壤的作用效果[J]. 草业学报, 2017, 26(4): 63-72.

ZHANG Xu-Hui, LI Zhi-Ling, LI Yong, WANG Yang-Qing. Effect of biochar amendment on purple and yellow soil[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2017, 26(4): 63-72.

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