不同氮添加对入侵植物瘤突苍耳和本地近缘植物苍耳及两者杂交种的生长影响

doi:10.11686/cyxb2016217

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 土壤养分对外来植物入侵过程的影响是入侵生物学研究的一个热点,但土壤养分对入侵植物和本地植物杂交后代植株特性的影响鲜有报道。本研究采用盆栽实验,通过添加不同浓度的N,改变土壤养分,比较入侵植物瘤突苍耳和本地近缘植物苍耳及两者的杂交种(杂交瘤突苍耳和杂交苍耳)在植物形态、生物量及分配、植株生长和叶片光合特性等方面的差异,探讨这些差异与入侵性的关系。结果表明,氮添加显著提高了瘤突苍耳、苍耳和杂交种的茎粗、总叶面积、总生物量、根生物量、茎生物量、根生物量比和根冠比,显著降低了4种植株的叶根比;瘤突苍耳各指标随氮含量增加而变化明显,苍耳和杂交苍耳的茎生物量比和叶生物量比下降显著;瘤突苍耳的净同化速率在不同氮处理下均显著高于苍耳,但叶面积比均显著低于苍耳;杂交后代植株的相对生长速率、净同化速率和平均叶面积比在各氮处理间均高于各母本的后代植株,同时杂交瘤突苍耳植株的各生物量指标和生长指标均显著高于杂交苍耳植株。由此可见,1)当养分是限制条件时,入侵植物瘤突苍耳相对于本地植物苍耳将较多生物量分配到根系,这种分配策略反映入侵植物对低养分环境有较高的适应性;2)以瘤突苍耳为母本的杂交后代植株较以苍耳为母本的杂交后代植株具有较强生长能力和繁殖能力,可以进一步加强其入侵。

Abstract: The effect of soil nutrients on the invasion of alien plants is a hot topic in invasion biology research, but few studies have focused on the effects of soil nutrients on the characteristics of reciprocally crossing plants. In this study, we analyzed the differences in biomass accumulation and distribution, growth characteristics, and photosynthetic characteristics of the invasive plant Xanthium strumarium, the native plant Xanthium sibiricum, and their reciprocal crosses (Xst♀×Xsi♂ and Xsi♀×Xst♂) under different nitrogen treatments, to explore the relationship between invasion and soil nutrient status. The stem diameter, total leaf area, total biomass, root biomass, root biomass ratio, and root mass/crown mass ratio of X. strumarium, X. sibiricum, and their reciprocal crosses (Xst♀×Xsi♂) increased significantly (P<0.05) and the leaf area to root mass ratio decreased significantly (P<0.05) with increasing nitrogen levels in the soil. The net assimilation rate of X. strumarium was significantly higher than that of X. sibiricum (P<0.05), but its specific leaf area was significantly lower than that of X. sibiricum (P<0.05). The relative growth rate, net assimilation rate, and mean leaf area ratio were higher in the male progeny than in the female progeny (P<0.05), and the biomass index and growth index were higher in Xst♀×Xsi♂ plants than in Xsi♀ × Xst♂ plants. We concluded that: 1) when nutrients are limited, X. strumarium distributes more biomass to the root, possibly as an ecological strategy to adapt to nutrient-heterogenous environments during invasion. 2) Compared with the hybrid progenies of X. sibiricum, those of X. strumarium show stronger growth and increased reproductive ability, which are properties that will further strengthen their invasiveness.

中图分类号:

syau_qb@163.com

荀挚峰, 白龙, 曲波, 许玉凤, 李光海, 詹忠浪, 石九曜. 不同氮添加对入侵植物瘤突苍耳和本地近缘植物苍耳及两者杂交种的生长影响[J]. 草业学报, 2017, 26(5): 51-61.

XUN Zhi-Feng, BAI Long, QU Bo, XU Yu-Feng, LI Guang-Hai, ZHAN Zhong-Lang, SHI Jiu-Yao. Effect of nitrogen treatments on growth of the invasive plant Xanthium strumarium, the native plant Xanthium sibiricum, and their reciprocal crosses[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2017, 26(5): 51-61.

参考文献

[1] Mack R N, Simberloff D, Lonsdale W M, et al . Biotic invasions: causes, epidemiology, global consequences, and control. Ecological Applications, 2000, 10(3): 689-710.
[2] Bradley B A, Blumenthal D M, Wilcove D S, et al . Predicting plant invasions in an era of global change. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 2010, 25(5): 310-318.
[3] Wan F H, Guo J Y, Wang D H. Alien invasive species in China: their damages and management strategies. Biodiversity Science, 2002, 10(1): 119-125.
万方浩, 郭建英, 王德辉. 中国外来入侵生物的危害与管理对策. 生物多样性, 2002, 10(1): 119-125.
[4] Ju R T, Li H, Shi Z R, et al . Progress of biological invasions research in China over the last decade. Biodiversity Science, 2012, 20(5): 581-611.
鞠瑞亭, 李慧, 石正人, 等. 近十年中国生物入侵研究进展. 生物多样性, 2012, 20(5): 581-611.
[5] Liu J, Chen H, Kowarik I. Plant invasions in China: an emerging hot topic in invasion science. Neobiota, 2012, 15: 27-51.
[6] Pimentel D, Lach L, Zuniga R. Environmental and economic costs of nonindigenous species in United States. Biology Science, 2007, 50(50): 53-65.
[7] Xiang Y C, Peng S L, Zhou H C, et al . Biological invasion and it’s impacts. Ecologic Science, 2001, 20(4): 68-72.
向言词, 彭少麟, 周厚诚, 等. 生物入侵及其影响. 生态科学, 2001, 20(4): 68-72.
[8] Williamson M. Invaders, weeds and the risk from genetically modified organisms. Experientia, 1993, 49(3): 219-224.
[9] Williamson M, Fitter A. The varying success of invader. Ecology, 1996, 77(6): 1661-1666.
[10] Kolar C S, Lodge D M. Progress in invasion biology: predicting invaders. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 2001, 16(4): 199-204.
[11] Li B, Xu B S, Chen J K. Perspectives on general trends of plant invasions with special reference to alien weed flora of Shanghai. Biodiversity Science, 2001, 9(4): 446-457.
李博, 徐炳声, 陈家宽. 从上海外来杂草区系剖析植物入侵的一般特征. 生物多样性, 2001, 9(4): 446-457.
[12] Shi G R, Ma C C. Biological characteristics of alien plants successful invasion. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2006, 17(4): 727-732.
史刚荣, 马成仓. 外来植物成功入侵的生物学特征. 应用生态学报, 2006, 17(4): 727-732.
[13] Alpert P, Bone E, Holzapfel C. Invasiveness, invisibility, and the role of environmental stress in preventing the spread of non-native plants. Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Evolution and Systematics, 2000, 3(1): 52-66.
[14] Parastoo B D, Komal P D, Constantine A A, et al . Correlation between the proportion of breast volume involved by locally advanced tumors and invasion of the skin and posterior structures. World Journal of Clinical Oncology, 2012, (3): 43-47.
[15] Holland E A, Dentener F J, Braswell B H. Contemporary and preindustrial global reactive nitrogen budgets. Biogeochemistry, 1999, 46(1): 7-43.
[16] Zhang Y, Liu X J, Zhang F S, et al . Spatial and temporal variation of atmospheric nitrogen deposition in North China Plain. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2006, 26(6): 1633-1639.
张颖, 刘学军, 张福锁, 等. 华北平原大气氮素沉降的时空变异. 生态学报, 2006, 26(6): 1633-1639.
[17] Williams D G, Mack R N, Black R A. Ecophysiology and growth of introduced Pennisetum setaceum on Hawaii: the role of phenotypic plasticity. Ecology, 1995, 76(5): 1569-1580.
[18] Durand L Z, Goldstein G. Photosynthesis, photoinhibition, and nitrogen use efficiency in native and invasive tree ferns in Hawaii. Oecologia, 2001, 126(3): 345-354.
[19] Wang M L, Feng Y L. Effects of soil nitrogen levels on morphology, biomass allocation and photosynthesis in Ageratina adenophora and Chromoleana odorata . Acta Phytoecologica Sinica, 2005, 29(5): 697-705.
王满莲, 冯玉龙. 紫茎泽兰和飞机草的形态、生物量分配和光合特性对氮营养的响应. 植物生态学报, 2005, 29(5): 697-705.
[20] Sorell B K, Brix H, Fitridge I. Gas exchange and growth response to nutrient enrichment in invasive Glyceria maxima and native New Zealand Carex species. Aquatic Botany, 2012, 103(5): 27-37.
[21] Quan G M, Mao D J, Zhang J E, et al . Effects of nutrient level on plant growth and biomass allocation of invasive Chromolaena odorata . Ecological Science, 2015, 34(2): 27-33.
全国明, 毛丹鹃, 章家恩, 等. 不同养分水平对飞机草生长与生物量分配的影响. 生态科学, 2015, 34(2): 27-33.
[22] Lake J C, Leishman M R. Invasion success of exotic plants in natural ecosystems: the role of disturbance, plant attributes and freedom from herbivores. Biological Conservation, 2004, 117(2): 215-216.
[23] Wang J P, Dong L J, Sang W G. Effects of different nitrogen regimes on competition between Ambrosia artemisiifolia , an invasive species, and two native species, Artemisia annua and Artemisia mongolica . Biodiversity Science, 2012, 20(1): 3-11.
王晋萍, 董丽佳, 桑卫国. 不同氮素水平下入侵种豚草与本地种黄花蒿、蒙古蒿的竞争关系. 生物多样性, 2012, 20(1): 3-11.
[24] Li N, Zhu L N, Zhai Q, et al . A new alien invasive plant- Xanthium italicum Moretti. in Liaoning Province. Plant Quarantine, 2010, 24(5): 49-52.
李楠, 朱丽娜, 翟强, 等. 一种新入侵辽宁省的外来有害植物——意大利苍耳. 植物检疫, 2010, 24(5): 49-52.
[25] Qu B, Xun Z F, Xu Y F. The seeds ecological mechanism of Xanthium strumarium invasion. Pratacultural Science, 2015, 32(11): 1801-1807.
曲波, 荀挚峰, 许玉凤. 瘤突苍耳入侵的种子生态学机制. 草业科学, 2015, 32(11): 1801-1807.
[26] Lichtenthaler H K, Wellburn A R. Determination of total carotenoids and chlorophyll a and b of leaf extracts in different solvents. Biochemical Society Transactions, 1982, 11: 591-592.
[27] Rejmanek M, Richardson D M. What attributes make some plant species more invasive. Ecology, 1996, 77(77): 1655-1661.
[28] Prinzing A, Durka W, Klotz S, et al . Which species become aliens. Evolutionary Ecology Research, 2005, 4(3): 385-405.
[29] Davis M A, Grime J P, Thompson K. Fluctuating resources in plant communities: a general theory of invasibility. Journal of Ecology, 2000, 88: 528-534.
[30] Gerlach J D, Rice K J. Testing life history correlates of invasiveness using congenetic plant species. Ecological Applications, 2008, 13(1): 167-179.
[31] Funk J L, Vitousek P M. Resource-use efficiency and plant invasion in low-resource systems. Nature, 2007, 446: 1079-1081.
[32] Leicht-Young S A, Silander J A, Latimer A M. Comparative performance of invasive and native Celastrus species across environmental gradients. Oecologia, 2007, 154(2): 273-282.
[33] Scott A K, Buckney R T. Invasion of exotic plants in nutrient enriched urban bushland. Austral Ecology, 2002, 27(27): 573-583.
[34] Elberse I A, Damme J M, Tienderen P H. Plasticity of growth characteristics in wild barley in response to nutrient limitation. Journal of Ecology, 2003, 91(3): 371-382.
[35] Wang M L, Feng Y L, Li X. Effects of soil phosphorus level on morphological and photosynthetic characteristics of Ageratina adenophora and Chromolaena odorata . Acta Phytoecologica Sinica, 2006, 17(4): 602-606.
王满莲, 冯玉龙, 李新. 紫茎泽兰和飞机草的形态和光合特性对磷营养的响应. 应用生态学报, 2006, 17(4): 602-606.
[36] Leishman M R, Thomson V P. Experimental evidence for the effects of additional water, nutrients and physical disturbance on invasive plants in low fertility Hawkesbury Sandstone soils, Sydney, Australia. Journal of Ecology, 2004, 93(1): 38-49.
[37] Tang S C, Wei C Q, Pan Y M, et al . Reproductive adaptability of the invasive weed Parthenium hysterophorus L. under different nitrogen and phosphorus levels. Journal of Wuhan Botanical Research, 2010, 28(2): 213-217.
唐赛春, 韦春强, 潘玉梅, 等. 入侵植物银胶菊对不同氮、磷水平的繁殖适应性. 武汉植物学研究, 2010, 28(2): 213-217.
[38] Mealor B A, Hild A L. Post-invasion evolution of native plant populations: a test of biological resilience. Oikos, 2007, 116(9): 1493-1500.
[39] Lei Y B, Xiao H F, Feng Y L. Impacts of alien plant invasions on biodiversity and evolutionary responses of native species. Biodiversity Science, 2010, 18(6): 622-630.
类延宝, 肖海峰, 冯玉龙. 外来植物入侵对生物多样性的影响及本地生物的进化响应. 生物多样性, 2010, 18(6): 622-630.
[40] Burns J H. A comparison of invasive and non-invasive day flowers (Commelinaceae) across experimental nutrient and water gradients. Diversity and Distributions, 2004, 10: 387-397.
[41] Wang K, Yang J, Chen J K. Comparison of morphological traits between alligator weed and two congeners under different water and nutrient conditions. Biodiversity Science, 2010, 18(6): 615-621.
王坤, 杨继, 陈家宽. 不同土壤水分和养分条件下喜旱莲子草与同属种生长状况的比较研究. 生物多样性, 2010, 18(6): 615-621.
[42] Pysek P, Krivanek P M, Jarosik V. Planting intensity, residence time, and species traits determine invasion success of alien woody species. Ecology, 2010, 90(10): 2734-2744.
[43] Liu M C, Wei C Q, Tang S C, et al . Bionomics of two invasive weeds, Bidens alba and B. pilosa , and their native congeners grown under different nutrient levels. Journal of Biosafety, 2012, 21(1): 32-40.
刘明超, 韦春强, 唐赛春, 等. 不同土壤养分水平下2种外来鬼针草和近缘本地种的比较研究. 生物安全学报, 2012, 21(1): 32-40.
[44] Shipley B. Net assimilation rate, specific leaf area and leaf mass ratio: which is most closely correlated with relative growth rate? A meta-analysis. Functional Ecology, 2006, 20(4): 565-574.
[45] Herron P M, Martine C T, Latimer A M, et al . Invasive plants and their ecological strategies: prediction and explanation of woody plant invasion in New England. Diversity and Distributions, 2007, 13(5): 633-644.
[46] van Kleunen M, Weber E, Fischer M. A meta-analysis of trait differences between invasive and non-invasive plant species. Ecology Letters, 2010, 13(2): 235-245.
[47] Feng Y L. Photosynthesis, nitrogen allocation and specific leaf area in invasive Eupatorium adenophorum and native Eupatorium japonicum grown at different irradiances. Physiologia Plantarum, 2008, 133(2): 318-326.
[48] Wang K, Yang J, Chen J K. The applications of congeneric comparisons in plant invasion ecology. Biodiversity Science, 2009, 17(4): 353-361.
王坤, 杨继, 陈家宽. 近缘种比较研究在植物入侵生态学中的应用. 生物多样性, 2009, 17(4): 353-361.
[49] Shipley B. Trade-offs between net assimilation rate and specific leaf area in determining relative growth rate: relationship with daily irradiance. Functional Ecology, 2002, 16(5): 682-689.
[50] Feng Y L, Auge H, Ebeling S K. Invasive Buddleja davidii allocates more nitrogen to its photosynthetic machinery than five native woody species. Oecologia, 2007, 153(3): 501-510.
[51] Wang Y. Comparative studies on light utilization characteristics and shade tolerance of 14 ground cover plants. Journal of Zhejiang Forestry College, 2005, 22(1): 6-11.
王雁. 种地被植物光能利用特性及耐阴性比较. 浙江林学院学报, 2005, 22(1): 6-11.
[52] Aschan G, Pfanz H. Non-foliar photosynthesis-a strategy of additional carbon acquisition. Flora-Morphology, Distribution, Functional Ecology of Plants, 2003, 198(2): 81-97.
[53] Zu Y G, Zhang Z H, Wang W J, et al . Different characteristics of photosynthesis in stems and leaves of Mikania micranth . Journal of Plant Ecology, 2006, 30(6): 998-1004.
[54] Nowak R S, Caldwell M M. A test of compensatory photosynthesis in the field: implications for herbivory tolerance. Oecologia, 1984, 61(3): 311-318.
[55] Chai W L, Lei Y B, Li Y P, et al . Responses of invasive Chromolaena odorata and native Eupatorium heterophyllum to atmospheric CO 2 enrichment. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2014, 34(13): 3744-3751.
柴伟玲, 类延宝, 李扬苹, 等. 外来入侵植物飞机草和本地植物异叶泽兰对大气CO 2 浓度升高的响应. 生态学报, 2014, 34(13): 3744-3751.