紫花苜蓿苗期根系生长的水分胁迫损伤及氮磷的修复生长作用

doi:10.11686/cyxb2016409

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 土壤水分胁迫对牧草根系生长有重要影响。为明确土壤水分胁迫对紫花苜蓿根系生长的损伤以及胁迫解除后根系修复生长过程中土壤养分的作用和利用率,以赛迪-7(Sadie-7)和标杆(Icon)两个品种进行盆栽试验,分析了土壤渍水和低水分条件下生长的紫花苜蓿小苗的根系形态;并在解除土壤水分胁迫后施氮(尿素:0.336 g/盆)或磷(过磷酸钙:1.51 g/盆),分析了氮、磷对根系生长的影响。结果表明,土壤渍水显著抑制紫花苜蓿小苗主根的伸长生长,主根直径、根表面积以及根体积均小于对照;土壤低水分处理促进主根伸长生长,但显著抑制侧根生长。胁迫解除后,前期渍水处理的植株主根生长加快,但侧根生长则比前低水分处理的植株和对照缓慢;施氮、磷肥可显著促进根系的生长。土壤水分胁迫造成的根系生长伤害及胁迫去除后侧根生长缓慢导致氮、磷吸收利用率显著降低。试验结果说明,保持适宜的土壤水分或在土壤水分胁迫后适当施用氮、磷肥,将是促进紫花苜蓿根系生长,提高饲草产量的重要栽培措施。

Abstract: A pot experiment was conducted to assess the effects of soil moisture on the root growth of alfalfa (Medicago sativa) and its nutrient-use efficiency after water stress. Two alfalfa cultivars (Sadie 7 and Icon) were grown under low- (deficiency), appropriate- (CK), or high- (water logging) soil moisture treatments for 20 days before restoring soil moisture to the CK level. The nitrogen- and phosphorus-use efficiencies of the plants were determined by applying nitrogen (urea: 0.336 g/pot) or phosphorus (superphosphate: 1.51 g/pot) at the end of the soil moisture treatment. Root growth differed significantly (P<0.05) among the three soil moisture treatments. Taproot elongation was significantly inhibited by water logging. The taproot diameter, surface area, and volume were lower in water-stressed plants than in CK plants. The taproot was significantly shorter under low soil moisture conditions than in the CK. The growth rate of the root system was significantly lower in the low- and high-soil-moisture treatments than in the CK, and the root system in the high-soil-moisture treatment showed the poorest recovery after removal of water stress. Root growth was inhibited under water stress conditions, and the absorption and utilization of nitrogen and phosphorus were significantly (P<0.05) lower after low- and high-soil-water stress than in CK because of slow recovery of the root system. Increasing the nitrogen and phosphorus supply significantly improved root growth. Together, these results suggested that maintaining soil moisture at an appropriate level and fertilizing with nitrogen and phosphate after soil stress are important to promote the growth of alfalfa roots and increase the forage yield.

中图分类号:

yxshen@njau.edu.cn

丁晓青, 樊子菡, 沈益新. 紫花苜蓿苗期根系生长的水分胁迫损伤及氮磷的修复生长作用[J]. 草业学报, 2017, 26(5): 92-99.

DING Xiao-Qing, FAN Zi-Han, SHEN Yi-Xin. Effect of water stress on root growth of alfalfa seedlings and on nitrogen- and phosphorus- use efficiencies after water stress[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2017, 26(5): 92-99.

参考文献

[1] Sun Q Z, Yu Z, Xu C C. Urgency of further developing alfalfa industry in China. Pratacultural Science, 2012, 29(2): 314-319.
孙启忠, 玉柱, 徐春城. 我国苜蓿产业亟待振兴. 草业科学, 2012, 29(2): 314-319.
[2] Mei H. China Imported Near 10 Million Tons in the First Half of Alfalfa Hay[N]. Chinese Animal Husbandry and Veterinary News, 2011-08-26(6).
梅华. 我国上半年进口苜蓿干草近10万吨[N]. 中国畜牧兽医报, 2011-08-26(6).
[3] Liu J W. Analysis of characteristics of the circular economy of grassland farming. China Animal Husbandry Bulletin, 2008, (8): 19-21.
刘加文. 草地农业应肩负起保障粮食安全的重任. 中国牧业通讯, 2008, (8): 19-21.
[4] Luo Z Z, Ye T L, Xu M G, et al . Countermeasures and problems on stockbreeding of agriculture regions in South China. Research of Agricultural Modernization, 2005, (6): 3-8.
罗尊长, 叶桃林, 徐明岗, 等. 中国南方农区畜牧业面临的问题与发展对策. 农业现代化研究, 2005, (6): 3-8.
[5] Hu D H, Huang B F, Zhang C G. The prospect of developing herbivorous livestock in southern China. Journal of Agrotechnical Economics, 1997, (4): 47-51.
胡定寰, 黄不凡, 张存根. 发展南方草食性家畜的前景研究. 农业技术经济, 1997, (4): 47-51.
[6] Pu J Y, Yao X H, Hu L P, et al . A study on estimation of water utilization in field of alfalfa in southeast Gansu. Agriculture Research in the Arid Areas, 2006, (2): 100-104.
蒲金涌, 姚晓红, 胡利平, 等. 甘肃陇东南紫花苜蓿土壤水分利用程度的评估研究. 干旱地区农业研究, 2006, (2): 100-104.
[7] Ma P L, Pu J Y, Xin J W. A study on characteristics of forage grass growth in Southeast Gansu. Prataculturae Science, 2007, (6): 40-43.
马鹏里, 蒲金涌, 辛吉武. 陇东南牧草生长特征的研究. 草业科学, 2007, (6): 40-43.
[8] Guo Y J, Huang J G. Study on Medicago sativa growth in acid soils. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2006, 15(1): 84-89.
郭彦军, 黄建国. 紫花苜蓿在酸性土壤中的生长表现. 草业学报, 2006, 15(1): 84-89.
[9] Rao X J, Wen Q K, Jiang P A, et al . The impact of fertilizer application on alfalfa yield and nutrition absorption. Journal of Xinjiang Agricultural University, 2005, (4): 24-27.
饶晓娟, 文启凯, 蒋平安, 等. 施肥对盆栽紫花苜蓿产量及养分吸收的影响. 新疆农业大学学报, 2005, (4): 24-27.
[10] Xue Q, Zhu Z, Musick J T, et al . Root growth and water uptake in winter wheat under deficit irrigation. Plant and Soil, 2003, 257(1): 151-161.
[11] Liu G S, Guo A H, Ren S X, et al . The effect of limited water supply on root growth and soil water use of winter wheat. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2003, 23(11): 2342-2352.
刘庚山, 郭安红, 任三学, 等. 人工控制有限供水对冬小麦根系生长及土壤水分利用的影响. 生态学报, 2003, 23(11): 2342-2352.
[12] Mu Z X, Zhang S Q, He W F, et al . The effect of root morphological traits and spatial distribution on WUE in maize. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2005, 25(11): 2895-2900.
慕自新, 张岁岐, 郝文芳, 等. 玉米根系形态性状和空间分布对水分利用效率的调控. 生态学报, 2005, 25(11): 2895-2900.
[13] Fen G L, Liu C M. Studies on the control of soil water profile and root distribution. Acta Geographica Sinica, 1997, 52(5): 461-469.
冯广龙, 刘昌明. 人工控制土壤水分剖面调控根系分布的研究. 地理学报, 1997, 52(5): 461-469.
[14] Wang S F, Zhang X Y, Pei D. Impacts of different water supplied conditions on root distribution, yield and water utilization efficiency of winter wheat. Transactions of the CSAE, 2006, 22(2): 27-32.
王淑芬, 张喜英, 裴冬. 不同供水条件对冬小麦根系分布产量及水分利用效率的影响. 农业工程学报, 2006, 22(2): 27-32.
[15] Yan Q Q. Study on the Root Structure of Alfalfa under Waterlogging Condition in Southern China[D]. Nanjing: Nanjing Agricultural University, 2013.
严琼琼. 南方渍水条件下紫花苜蓿根系结构的研究[D]. 南京: 南京农业大学, 2013.
[16] Li W Y, Zhang S Q, Ding S Y, et al . Root morphological variation and water use in alfalfa under drought stress. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2010, 19: 5140-5150.
李文娆, 张岁岐, 丁圣彦, 等. 干旱胁迫下紫花苜蓿根系形态变化及与水分利用的关系. 生态学报, 2010, 19: 5140-5150.
[17] Zhang W X, Zhu D F, Lin X Q, et al . The effect of drought stress on yield and panicle traits of different type super rice varieties during panicle initiation to grain filling stage. Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas, 2010, 28(1): 255-260.
张卫星, 朱德峰, 林贤青, 等. 干旱胁迫对不同穗型超级稻品种产量及穗部性状的影响. 干旱地区农业研究, 2010, 28(1): 255-260.
[18] Bai W M, Zuo Q, Huang Y F, et al . Effect of water supply on root growth and water uptake of alfalfa in Wulanbuhe Sandy region. Acta Phytoecologica Sinica, 2001, (1): 35-41.
白文明, 左强, 黄元仿, 等. 乌兰布和沙区紫花苜蓿根系生长及吸水规律的研究. 植物生态学报, 2001, (1): 35-41.
[19] Sun H R, Wu R X, Li P H, et al . Rooting depth of alfalfa. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2008, (3): 307-312.
孙洪仁, 武瑞鑫, 李品红, 等. 紫花苜蓿根系入土深度. 草地学报, 2008, (3): 307-312.
[20] Kiswara W, Behnke N, Van Avesaath P, et al . Root architecture of six tropical seagrass species, growing in three contrasting habitats in Indonesian waters. Aquatic Botany, 2009, 90(3): 235-245.
[21] Benjamin J G, Nielsen D C. Water deficit effects on root distribution of soybean,field pea and chickpea. Field Crops Research, 2006, 97(2): 248-253.
[22] Dong Y. Effects of Water Logging on Physiological Characteristics and Yield of Soybean[D]. Nanjing: Nanjing Agricultural University, 2011.
董艳. 渍水胁迫对大豆生理特性和产量的影响[D]. 南京: 南京农业大学, 2011.
[23] Wang D, He F, Xie K Y, et al . Effect of nitrogen application on alfalfa plant growth and soil nitrogen content. Pratacultural Science, 2013, 30(10): 1569-1574.
王丹, 何峰, 谢开云, 等. 施氮对紫花苜蓿生长及土壤氮含量的影响. 草业科学, 2013, 30(10): 1569-1574.
[24] Fang P, Tian F, Gang C W. The influence of fertilizer to the yield of Medicago sativa L. Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas, 2007, 25(5): 31-34.
樊萍, 田丰, 刚存武. 施肥对紫花苜蓿产量的影响. 干旱地区农业研究, 2007, 25(5): 31-34.
[25] Jiang H X, Shen Y X, Zhai G Y, et al . Effect of phosphate fertilizer on the shoot growth and forage yield of Medicago sativa L. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2009, 17(5): 588-592.
姜慧新, 沈益新, 翟桂玉, 等. 施磷对紫花苜蓿分枝生长及产草量的影响. 草地学报, 2009, 17(5): 588-592.
[26] Zhang Z Y, Wang S F, Tang J X, et al . Study on plant root morphology. Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences, 2009, (3): 14-15.
张志勇, 王素芳, 汤菊香, 等. 植物根系形态建成研究进展. 江苏农业科学, 2009, (3): 14-15.
[27] Wu X W, Han Q F, Jia Z K. Study on root system development ability and comparison of root and crown traits among alfalfa cultivars. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica, 2007, (2): 80-86.
吴新卫, 韩清芳, 贾志宽. 不同苜蓿品种根颈和根系形态学特性比较及根系发育能力. 西北农业学报, 2007, (2): 80-86.
[28] Guo Y J, Xu H Z, Zang J H. A study on the morphology of the root system of alfalfa. Journal of Southwest Agricultural University, 2002, (6): 484-486.
郭彦军, 徐恢仲, 张家骅. 紫花苜蓿根系形态学研究. 西南农业大学学报, 2002, (6): 484-486.
[29] Chen J S, Li J H, Chang G Z, et al . Study on the root system characteristics of different alfalfa cultivars. Grassland and Turf, 2009, (1): 33-36.
陈积山, 李锦华, 常根柱, 等. 10个紫花苜蓿品种根系形态特征的研究. 草原与草坪, 2009, (1): 33-36.
[30] Wan S M, Hu S L, Huang Q H, et al . Study on root system development ability of alfalfa cultivars. Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica, 2004, (11): 2048-2052.
万素梅, 胡守林, 黄勤慧, 等. 不同紫花苜蓿品种根系发育能力的研究. 西北植物学报, 2004, (11): 2048-2052.