生长调节剂处理对马铃薯贮藏期萌发及氧化酶活性的影响

doi:10.11686/cyxb2016338

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 探究生长调节剂对马铃薯贮藏期休眠的调控效果及其生理作用机制,对保障马铃薯安全贮藏和研究马铃薯休眠机制都具有重要意义。本研究以马铃薯中长休眠期品种“川芋117”和短休眠期品种“费乌瑞它”为供试材料,赤霉素(gibberellin A₃, GA₃)、氯苯胺灵(chlorpropham, CIPC)和脱落酸(abscisic acid, ABA)为供试试剂,研究不同作用类型生长调节剂处理对不同马铃薯品种贮藏期块茎萌发动态及不同部位氧化酶活性的影响。结果表明,GA₃促进马铃薯的萌发主要表现在缩短块茎的萌发期上,“川芋117”和“费乌瑞它”较对照(control, CK)分别缩短10.42%和26.92%。而ABA和CIPC抑制马铃薯的萌发表现在延长其萌发期上,在“川芋117”上分别较CK延长10.42%和106.25%,在“费乌瑞它”上ABA处理延长23.08%,CIPC处理块茎未发芽。且ABA处理能显著降低休眠幅度,“川芋117”和“费乌瑞它”休眠幅度分别降低17.95%和29.41%,块茎萌发较整齐。马铃薯块茎在贮藏期芽周和薯肉部位的多酚氧化酶(polyphenol oxidase,PPO)和过氧化物酶(peroxidase,POD)活性均呈先升高后降低的变化趋势,其峰值出现的时间与其开始大量发芽的时期基本一致,表明PPO和POD活性的升高是块茎解除休眠开始萌芽的生理基础之一。GA₃、ABA和CIPC处理显著影响块茎芽周和薯肉PPO和POD活性,其中GA₃主要提高块茎芽周部位的PPO和POD活性,CIPC和ABA有降低未发芽块茎芽周和薯肉PPO活性的趋势,但ABA处理在块茎休眠解除过程中氧化酶活性上升,特别是“川芋117”,这可能是GA₃打破休眠促进萌发、CIPC和ABA延长休眠的生理机制之一。

Abstract: Studies on the effects of plant growth regulators on potato tubers during storage are important both for storing potatoes safely and for understanding the mechanisms of potato dormancy. In this research, the mid-to-longterm dormancy potato cultivar “Chuanyu 117” and the short-term dormancy cultivar “Favorita” were used as the experimental materials. Potato tubers were treated with three plant growth regulators: gibberellin A₃ (GA₃), chlorpropham (CIPC), or abscisic acid (ABA) for 30 min. Then, tuber germination and the oxidase activity in tuber flesh and bud bases were evaluated during storage. The results showed that GA₃ shortened the germination time of “Chuanyu 117” and “Favorita” by 10.42% and 26.92%, respectively, compared with that in the control (CK). In contrast, ABA and CIPC prolonged the germination time of “Chuanyu 117” by 10.42% and 106.25% respectively, compared with that in the CK. The germination time of “Favorita” treated with ABA was prolonged by 23.08% compared with that in the CK, and the tubers treated with CIPC did not sprout. Moreover, ABA significantly reduced the dormancy amplitude and led to neat tuber sprouting. The polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and peroxidase (POD) activities in tuber flesh and bud bases from cultivars with different degrees of dormancy increased and then decreased during the storage period. The peak activities of PPO and POD occurred during the bud-burst stage of germination, indicating that increased activity of PPO and POD represented physiological processes involved in the breaking of tuber dormancy and sprouting. The three plant growth regulators significantly affected the PPO and POD activities in bud bases and tuber flesh. The activities of PPO and POD in the bud bases were enhanced by GA₃. The activities of oxidases in different parts of non-sprouting tubers were reduced by ABA and CIPC. Application of ABA led to increases in PPO and POD activities during dormancy release, especially in “Chuanyu 117”. These findings reveal some of the physiological mechanisms involved in the breaking of dormancy and acceleration of germination by GA₃, and in the prolonging of dormancy by ABA and CIPC.

钟蕾, 邓俊才, 王良俊, 郑顺林, 豆攀, 王兴龙, 袁继超. 生长调节剂处理对马铃薯贮藏期萌发及氧化酶活性的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2017, 26(7): 147-157.

ZHONG Lei, DENG Jun-Cai, WANG Liang-Jun, ZHENG Shun-Lin, DOU Pan, WANG Xing-Long, YUAN Ji-Chao. Effect of plant growth regulators on germination and oxidase activity during storage of potato tubers[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2017, 26(7): 147-157.

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