氮、磷添加对贝加尔针茅草原凋落物分解的影响

doi:10.11686/cyxb2016383

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 凋落物分解是草原生态系统养分循环和能量流动的主要途径。养分是温性草原生产力主要限制因素之一。本文主要研究了养分添加对草原凋落物分解的影响,为草原生态系统养分管理和天然草地的恢复建设提供理论依据。试验以内蒙古贝加尔针茅草原为研究对象,使用网袋分解法,实验材料为贝加尔针茅(Sb)、羊草(Lc)以及冷蒿(Af)3种植物的根、茎、叶组织,设置4个处理:CK、N、P和NP(CK:不施任何肥料;N:硝酸铵;P:重过磷酸钙;NP:硝酸铵和重过磷酸钙)。结果表明,1) N、P、NP添加下,3种植物的残留率显著低于无养分添加,氮磷添加对凋落物分解有显著的促进作用。2)分解过程中,叶和根凋落物N元素前期释放,后期有轻微的富集现象,而茎凋落物呈现富集-释放-富集的模式。P元素和C元素基本呈现持续释放的模式。3)磷元素的残留率在N、P以及NP处理条件下均呈下降的趋势,与植物器官残留率的变化趋势相同。4)羊草各器官凋落物分解95%所用的时间为2.95~3.96年,贝加尔针茅为3.32~3.77年,冷蒿为2.64~4.89年。5)不同植物以及植物的不同器官凋落物分解速率对氮、磷添加的响应不同。

Abstract: Litter decomposition is one of the main pathways of nutrient cycling and energy flow in grassland ecosystems. Nutrient limitation is the major factor limiting production on the warm steppe. In this study, the effects of nutrient addition on litter decomposition were investigated to provide a theoretical reference for nutrient management, restoration, and construction of grassland ecosystems. On the Stipa baicalensis steppe in Inner Mongolia, the leaves, stems, and roots of S. baicalensis (Sb), Leymus chinensis (Lc) and Artemisia frigida (Af) were placed in mesh bags to measure decomposition in different treatments: CK (no fertilization), fertilization with N (ammonium nitrate), P (triple superphosphate), or NP (mixed ammonium nitrate and triple superphosphate). The residual rates of all three plants were significantly lower in the N, P, and NP treatments than in the CK, indicating that N and P addition promoted decomposition. During the decomposition process, N was released from leaves and roots at an early stage and enriched at later stages, whereas N in stems showed an enrichment-release-enrichment pattern. The leaves, stems, and roots released P and C continuously during decomposition. The residual rate of P decreased as the plant organs decomposed. The 95% decomposition time of S. baicalensis, L. chinensis, and A. frigida was 3.32-3.77 years, 2.95-3.96 years, and 2.64-4.89 years, respectively. The decomposition responses to fertilizers differed among plant organs and among plant species.

李文亚, 邱璇, 白龙, 杨殿林. 氮、磷添加对贝加尔针茅草原凋落物分解的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2017, 26(8): 43-53.

LI Wen-Ya, QIU Xuan, BAI Long, YANG Dian-Lin. Effects of nitrogen and phosphorus addition on litter decomposition on the Stipa baicalensis steppe[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2017, 26(8): 43-53.

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