基于EPIC模型的四川丘陵区黑麦草生长过程及其土壤水分动态变化模拟

doi:10.11686/cyxb2016446

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 明确黑麦草田土壤水分变化规律,对提高四川丘陵区人工草地管理水平具有重要的现实意义;校验EPIC模型,有利于改进并提高模型对黑麦草的模拟精度,对推进作物生产系统模拟与决策技术在草粮轮作系统的应用具有重要的实践意义。本研究通过田间试验与计算机模型相结合的方法,研究了四川丘陵区黑麦草生长过程及其土壤水分动态变化规律,明确了EPIC模型对黑麦草生长过程及土壤水分变化规律的模拟精度。结果表明,1)四川丘陵区黑麦草田土壤有效含水量在3-5月较低,深层(0.4~0.6 m)土壤水分在5-10月间可以得到较好恢复,适当增加氮肥投入,可以显著提高黑麦草最大叶面积系数和饲草产量,在刈割4茬的条件下,氮肥施入量不宜低于75 kg/hm²,且不高于225 kg/hm²;2)黑麦草田0~1 m土层土壤有效含水量模拟值和观测值间的r值为0.86~0.95,RRMSE值为6.0%~17.2%,土壤水分剖面分布动态变化的模拟值和观测值间的r值介于0.57与0.92之间,且大部分大于0.85;3)EPIC模型模拟的黑麦草叶面积系数和株高与观测值间的r值均大于0.90,在统计范围内模拟值和观测值间差异不显著;黑麦草产量模拟值和观测值间的r值大于0.90,ME值和R²间差异小于0.02。总体而言,EPIC模型能够较好地模拟黑麦草生长过程,对黑麦草田土壤水分动态变化规律模拟较为准确,可以用来评价四川丘陵区以黑麦草为主的草粮轮作系统对当地气候条件的适应性。

Abstract: The definition of soil moisture dynamics is very important to improve the management of ryegrass pasture. The use of the environmental policy integrated climate (EPIC) model can improve the accuracy of cropping system simulations, thereby providing better information for decision making. In this study, field experiments and computer simulations were used to analyze the growth process of ryegrass and the dynamics of soil moisture in ryegrass pastures. Then, the accuracy of the EPIC model to simulate ryegrass growth and soil moisture was evaluated. The results showed that available soil water in the deep soil layer (0.4-0.6 m) was relatively lower from March to May, but increased from May to October. Appropriate nitrogen fertilization (75-225 kg/ha) significantly increased the forage yield and leaf area index of ryegrass pastures in the hilly region of Sichuan Province. The correlation index values between observed and simulated available soil water in the 0-1 m soil layer ranged from 0.86 to 0.95 with RRMSE values ranging from 6.0% to 17.2%. The range of correlation index values between observed and simulated soil water in the 0-1 m soil layer was 0.57-0.92, and most values were >0.85. The correlation index values between simulated and observed values of forage yield, leaf area index, and height of ryegrass were >0.90, and there were no significant differences between simulated and observed values. In conclusion, the EPIC model can simulate soil moisture and forage yields of ryegrass pastures. These simulations can be used to evaluate the suitability of grain-forage cropping systems for the hilly regions of Sichuan Province.

王学春, 王红妮, 黄晶, 杨国涛, 胡运高. 基于EPIC模型的四川丘陵区黑麦草生长过程及其土壤水分动态变化模拟[J]. 草业学报, 2017, 26(9): 1-13.

WANG Xue-Chun, WANG Hong-Ni, HUANG Jing, YANG Guo-Tao, HU Yun-Gao. Simulation of soil moisture dynamics and ryegrass growth in the hilly region of Sichuan Province using the environmental policy integrated climate model[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2017, 26(9): 1-13.

参考文献

[1] Song Z Q, Gan Y M, Tian G, et al . Nutritional values of Italian ryegrass for growing rabbits. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2014, 23(5): 352-358.
宋中齐, 干友民, 田刚, 等. 多花黑麦草在生长肉兔上的营养价值评定. 草业学报, 2014, 23(5): 352-358.
[2] Liu L, Yang Z B, Yang W R, et al . Correlations among shearing force, morphological characteristics, chemical compositions, and in situ degradability of alfalfa stem and ryegrass stem. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2009, 42(9): 3374-3380.
刘丽, 杨在宾, 杨维仁, 等. 紫花苜蓿和黑麦草茎形态学、化学组成和养分瘤胃降解率与剪切力的相互关系. 中国农业科学, 2009, 42(9): 3374-3380.
[3] Zhai F F, Han L, Liu J X, et al . Assessing cold resistance of mutagenic strains of perennial ryegrass under artificial low-temperature stress. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2013, 22(6): 268-279.
翟飞飞, 韩蕾, 刘俊祥, 等. 人工低温胁迫下多年生黑麦草诱变株系的抗寒性研究. 草业学报, 2013, 22(6): 268-279.
[4] Chen T F. Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer Level and Morphology on Yield, Quality and Silage Quality of Italian Ryegrass[D]. Chengdu: Sichuan Agricultural University, 2015.
陈天峰. 氮肥水平和形态对多花黑麦草产量、营养品质及青贮品质的影响[D]. 成都: 四川农业大学, 2015.
[5] Liang X H, Ai F F, Zhong T X, et al . Cross adaptation under drought and low temperature stress in perennial ryegrass. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2016, 25(1): 163-170.
梁小红, 艾非凡, 钟天秀, 等. 多年生黑麦草对干旱-低温交叉适应的生理响应. 草业学报, 2016, 25(1): 163-170.
[6] Pang L Y, Zhang H, Luo C Y, et al . Forage crop rotation and it’s benefit in the purple farming area of Sichuan province. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2010, 19(3): 110-116.
庞良玉, 张鸿, 罗春燕, 等. 四川紫色丘陵农区坡耕地饲草种植模式及效益. 草业学报, 2010, 19(3): 110-116.
[7] Sichuan Bureau of Statistics. Sichuan Statistical Yearbook[M]. Beijing: China Statistics Press, 2015.
四川省统计局. 四川统计年鉴[M]. 北京: 中国统计出版社, 2015.
[8] Luo Z Z, Li L L, Niu Y N, et al . Soil dryness characteristics of alfalfa cropland and optimal growth years of alfalfa on the Loess Plateau of central Gansu, China. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2015, 26(10): 3059-3065.
罗珠珠, 李玲玲, 牛伊宁, 等. 陇中黄土高原半干旱区苜蓿地土壤干燥化特征及适宜种植年限. 应用生态学报, 2015, 26(10): 3059-3065.
[9] Fang X Y, Li J, Wang X C, et al . Soil desiccation of alfalfa fields and effects of alfalfa-grain crop rotation on soil water restoration of desiccated alfalfa fields in semi-humid areas of the Loess Plateau. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2010, 43(16): 3348-3356.
方新宇, 李军, 王学春, 等. 黄土高原半湿润区苜蓿草地土壤干燥化与草粮轮作水分恢复效应. 中国农业科学, 2010, 43(16): 3348-3356.
[10] Melake K F, Richard J S, John G A, et al . Improving nitrogen and irrigation water use efficiency through adaptive management: A case study using annual ryegrass. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 2011, 141(3/4): 350-358.
[11] Yang T H, Cheng H, Eun Joong Kim, et al . Responses of high-sugar ryegrass productive performance to stimulated grazing on the Loess Plateau. Pratacultural Science, 2015, 32(9): 1473-1481.
杨天辉, 成慧, Eun Joong Kim, 等. 黄土高原模拟轮牧对高糖黑麦草生产性能的影响. 草业科学, 2015, 32(9): 1473-1481.
[12] Yang X L. Effects of Diversified Crop Rotations on Conserving Groundwater Resource and Lowering Carbon Footprint in the North China Plain[D]. Beijing: China Agricultural University, 2015.
杨晓琳. 华北平原不同轮作模式节水减排效果评价[D]. 北京: 中国农业大学, 2015.
[13] Liu C Y, Sun X Y, Zhu T C, et al . Comparison of the production performance of ryegrass cultivars and screening of dominant varieties. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2014, 23(4): 39-48.
刘春英, 孙学映, 朱体超, 等. 不同黑麦草品种生产性能比较与优势品种筛选. 草业学报, 2014, 23(4): 39-48.
[14] Hao Y Y, Xu X, Ren D Y, et al . Distributed modeling of soil water-salt dynamics and crop yields based on HYDRUS-EPIC model in Hetao Irrigation District. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2015, 31(11): 110-116.
郝远远, 徐旭, 任东阳, 等. 河套灌区土壤水盐和作物生长的HYDRUS-EPIC 模型分布式模拟. 农业工程学报, 2015, 31(11): 110-116.
[15] Williams J R, Jones C A, Dyke P T. A modeling approach to determining the relationship between erosion and soil productivity. Transactions of the ASAE, 1984, 27: 129-144.
[16] Williams J R. The erosion productivity impact calculator (EPIC) model: A case history. Philosophical Transactions: Biological Sciences, 1990, 329: 421-428.
[17] He Y B, Cai W M. Linking a farmer crop selection model (FCS) with an agronomic model (EPIC) to simulate cropping pattern in Northeast China. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2016, 15(10): 2417-2425.
[18] Williams J R. The EPIC model[C]//Singh V P. Computer Models of Watershed Hydrology. Highlands Ranch: Water Resources Publications, 1995: 909-1000.
[19] Yawen B, Gerrit H, Ron M, et al . A comparison of the performance of the CSM-CERES-Maize and EPIC models using maize variety trial data. Agricultural Systems, 2017, 150: 109-119.
[20] Raniero D P, Armin K, Rainer S. Sensitivity analysis, calibration and validation of EPIC for modelling soil phosphorus dynamics in Swiss agro-ecosystems. Environmental Modelling & Software, 2014, 62: 97-111.
[21] Wei X, Juraj B, Marijn V D V, et al . A calibration procedure to improve global rice yield simulations with EPIC. Ecological Modelling, 2014, 273: 128-139.
[22] Xu X, Chen S, Guan H H, et al . Global sensitivity analysis and calibration of parameters for a physically-based agro-hydrological model. Environmental Modelling & Software, 2016, 83: 88-102.
[23] Camargo G G T, Kemanian A R. Six crop models differ in their simulation of water uptake. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 2016, 220: 116-129.
[24] Wang Z M, Liang Y L. The application of EPIC model to calculate crop productive potentialities in loessic yuan region. Journal of Natural Resources, 2004, 17(4): 481-487.
王宗明, 梁银丽. 应用EPIC模型计算黄土塬区作物生产潜力的初步尝试. 自然资源学报, 2004, 17(4): 481-487.
[25] Sun J M, Yu X X, Fan D X. Effects of ryegrass on processes of soil infiltration under simulated rainfall. Soils, 2014, 46(6): 1115-1120.
孙佳美, 余新晓, 樊登星. 模拟降雨条件下黑麦草对土壤水分入渗的影响. 土壤, 2014, 46(6): 1115-1120.
[26] Wang S F, Luo Y C, Zhang X Q, et al . The production performance of 14 annual ryegrass varieties in the southwest of Sichuan Province. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2014, 23(6): 87-94.
王绍飞, 罗永聪, 张新全, 等. 14个多花黑麦草品种(系)在川西南地区生产性能综合评价. 草业学报, 2014, 23(6): 87-94.
[27] Xie J F, Xu H W, Yang P Z, et al . Study on the applicability of ryegrass in north Sichuan mountain area. Journal of Sichuan Grassland, 1981, (3): 25-28.
谢家富, 胥洪文, 杨佩忠, 等. 黑麦草在川北山区的适用性研究. 四川草原, 1981, (3): 25-28.
[28] Cavero J, Plant R E, Shennan C, et al . Application of epic model to nitrogen cycling in irrigated processing tomatoes under different management systems. Agricultural Systems, 1998, 56(4): 391-414.
[29] Lui A T Y, Williams D J, McEntire R W, et al . Possible storm-intensity enhancing factor for the November 3, 1993 magnetic storm. Advances in Space Research, 2000, 25(7/8): 1639-1644.
[30] Li J, Wang X C, Shao M A, et al . Simulation of biomass and soil desiccation of Robinia pseudoacacia forestlands on semi-arid and semi-humid regions of China’s Loess Plateau. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2010, 34(3): 330-339.
李军, 王学春, 邵明安, 等. 黄土高原半干旱和半湿润地区刺槐林地生物量与土壤干燥化效应的模拟. 植物生态学报, 2010, 34(3): 330-339.
[31] Zhou Q, Zhao C P, Cao C X, et al . Effects of N dressing ratio on carbon and nitrogen transport and on grain yield of Lolium multiflorum . Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2010, 19(4): 47-53.
周琴, 赵超鹏, 曹春信, 等. 不同氮肥基追比对多花黑麦草碳氮转运和种子产量的影响. 草业学报, 2010, 19(4): 47-53.
[32] Li X K, Lu J W, Liu X W, et al . Effect of fertilization on the yield and forage quality of annual ryegrass. Pratacultural Science, 2011, 28(9): 1666-1670.
李小坤, 鲁剑巍, 刘晓伟, 等. 配方施肥对一年生黑麦草产草量及品质的影响. 草业科学, 2011, 28(9): 1666-1670.
[33] Zhan L P, Lu J W, Yang J, et al . Effect of fertilization on growth and yield of Lolium multiflorum . Pratacultural Science, 2011, 28(2): 260-265.
占丽平, 鲁剑巍, 杨娟, 等. 施肥对黑麦草生长和产量的影响. 草业科学, 2011, 28(2): 260-265.
[34] Huang Q L, Zhong Z M, Chen E, et al . Effects of different N application methods and levels on the biological characteristics and nitrate content of ryegrass. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2010, 19(1): 103-112.
黄勤楼, 钟珍梅, 陈恩, 等. 施氮水平与方式对黑麦草生物学特性和硝酸盐含量的影响. 草业学报, 2010, 19(1): 103-112.