短花针茅荒漠草原土壤氮素矿化对载畜率的响应

doi:10.11686/cyxb2017118

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 氮矿化是决定土壤提供可利用性氮的关键生态环节,同时也是当今国内外土壤氮素循环的研究热点,荒漠草原作为草地生态系统中极特殊的一种草地类型,其资源贫乏,气候严酷,植被结构相对简单,因此研究荒漠草原氮素的可利用性对维持荒漠草原稳定发展十分必要。鉴于此,本研究以内蒙古四子王旗短花针茅荒漠草原为对象,采用顶盖埋管培养法,通过在整个生长季的跟踪调查,主要探讨了净氮矿化速率对4个载畜率梯度[0(对照)、0.91(轻度放牧)、1.82(中度放牧)、2.71(重度放牧)羊/(hm²·a)]的响应,并结合土壤温湿度,分析其与土壤氮矿化的关系,旨在为荒漠草原生态系统氮素可持续利用的研究提供基础数据及管理参考。结果显示,土壤的净氮矿化速率在整个生长季呈现出先降后增的趋势,并且在生长高峰期7月及8月受载畜率的影响较大。4种载畜率梯度下中度放牧处理[1.82羊/(hm²· a)]具有最高的净氮矿化速率,重度放牧处理中[2.71羊/(hm²·a)]净氮矿化速率最低。皮尔森相关分析表明硝化速率与净氮矿化速率显著正相关,在整个生长季中净氮矿化速率受硝化作用影响较大。不同载畜率梯度下,土壤水分与净氮矿化速率极显著负相关,而土壤温度则与净氮矿化速率无显著相关性。综上所述中度载畜率水平[1.82羊/(hm²·a)]是维持荒漠草原稳定矿化速率的理想载畜率。

Abstract: Nitrogen mineralization is a key process affecting nitrogen availability and nitrogen cycling in soils. The desert steppe is a grassland ecosystem with poor resources, a harsh climate, and a relatively simple vegetation structure. Therefore, it is important to study nitrogen availability on the desert steppe to maintain the stable development of these grasslands. In this study, the net nitrogen mineralization rate was monitored over the whole growing season by using the top-buried tube culture method. We monitored the net nitrogen mineralization rate under four grazing treatments [0 (CK), 0.91 (light grazing), 1.82 (moderate grazing), 2.71 (heavy grazing) sheep/(hm²· a)], and analyzed the relationships between environmental factors (soil temperature and humidity) and soil nitrogen content and mineralization. The aim of these analyses was to provide reference data to develop strategies for the sustainable utilization of nitrogen in the desert grassland ecosystem. The soil net nitrogen mineralization rate first increased and then decreased during the growing season, and the effect of stocking rate was higher in July and August in the peak growth period. The net nitrogen mineralization rate was highest in the moderate grazing treatment [1.82 sheep/(hm²·a)] and lowest in the heavy grazing treatment [2.71 sheep/(hm²· a)]. Pearson’s correlation analyses showed that the nitrification rate was positively correlated with net nitrogen mineralization rate, and the net nitrogen mineralization rate was greatly affected by nitrification during the whole growing season. There was a significant negative correlation between soil water content and net nitrogen mineralization rate, but not between soil temperature and net nitrogen mineralization rate. In summary, the moderate grazing treatment [1.82 sheep/(hm²·a)] represents the ideal stocking rate to maintain a stable nitrogen mineralization rate in desert steppe grasslands.

韩梦琪, 潘占磊, 靳宇曦, 秦洁, 李江文, 王忠武, 韩国栋. 短花针茅荒漠草原土壤氮素矿化对载畜率的响应[J]. 草业学报, 2017, 26(9): 27-35.

HAN Meng-Qi, PAN Zhan-Lei, JIN Yu-Xi, QIN Jie, LI Jiang-Wen, WANG Zhong-Wu, HAN Guo-Dong. Response of soil nitrogen mineralization to different stocking rates on the Stipa breviflora desert steppe[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2017, 26(9): 27-35.

参考文献

[1] Wang C H, Xing X R, Han X G. Research advances in factors affecting soil nitrogen mineralization in grassland ecosystems. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2004, 11: 2184-2188.
王常慧, 邢雪荣, 韩兴国. 草地生态系统中土壤氮素矿化影响因素的研究进展. 应用生态学报, 2004, 11: 2184-2188.
[2] Hungate B A, Dukes J S, Shaw M R, et al . Nitrogen and climate change. Science, 2003, 302: 1512-1513.
[3] Shan Y M, Bai Y F, Wang M J, et al . Seasonally dependent impacts of grazing on soil nitrogen mineralization and linkages to ecosystem functioning in Inner Mongolia grassland. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2011, 9(43): 1943-1954.
[4] Li R H, Li X B, Wang H. Research on grazing pressure and response of soil N reserves in typical steppe of Inner Mongolia. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2016, (3): 758-768.
李瑞华, 李晓兵, 王宏. 内蒙古典型草原放牧压力评价及土壤N储量响应. 生态学报, 2016, (3): 758-768.
[5] Wang C H, Xing X R, Han X G. The effects of temperature and moisture on the soil net nitrogen mineralization in an Aneulolepidium chinensis grassland, Inner Mongolia. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2004, 24(11): 2472-2476.
王常慧, 邢雪荣, 韩兴国. 温度和湿度对我国内蒙古羊草草原土壤净氮矿化的影响. 生态学报, 2004, 24(11): 2472-2476.
[6] Andrioli R J, Distel R A, Didoné N G.Influence of cattle grazing on nitrogen cycling in soils beneath Stipa tenuis , native to central Argentina. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2010, 74(3): 419-422.
[7] Frank D A, Groffman P M, Evans R D. Ungulate stimulation of nitrogen cycling and retention in Yellowstone Park grasslands. Oecologia, 2000, 123(1): 116-121.
[8] Yang X H, Dong Y S, Qi Y C. Mineral nitrogen dynamics in dark chestnut soil of Leymus chinensis grassland in the Xilin River Basin. Geographical Research, 2005, 24(3): 387-393.
杨小红, 董云社, 齐玉春. 锡林河流域羊草草原暗栗钙土矿质氮动态变化. 地理研究, 2005, 24(3): 387-393.
[9] Holland E A, Parton W J, Detling J K, et al . Physiological responses of plant populations to herbivory and their consequences for ecosystem nutrient flow. American Naturalist, 1992, 140: 685-706.
[10] Zhang L, Huang J H, Bai Y F, et al . Effects of nitrogen addition on net nitrogen mineralization in Leymus chinensis steppe of Inner Mongolia. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2009, 33(3): 563-569.
张璐, 黄建辉, 白永飞, 等. 氮素添加对内蒙古羊草草原净氮矿化的影响. 植物生态学报, 2009, 33(3): 563-569.
[11] Yang Y, Bai Y F, Wang M J, et al . The effects of grazing intensity on soil nitrogen mineralization potential of typical steppe in Inner Mongolia. Journal of Inner Mongolia Agricultural University: Natural Science Edition, 2010, (3): 136-140.
杨勇, 白永飞, 王明玖, 等. 放牧强度对内蒙古典型草原土壤氮矿化潜力的影响. 内蒙古农业大学学报: 自然科学版, 2010, (3): 136-140.
[12] Wang Z W. Effects of Stocking Rate on the Stability of Stipa breviflora Desert Steppe Ecosystem[D]. Hohhot: Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 2009.
王忠武. 载畜率对短花针茅荒漠草原生态系统稳定性的影响[D]. 呼和浩特: 内蒙古农业大学, 2009.
[13] Wei Z J, Han G D, Yang J, et al . The response of Stipa breviflora community to stocking rate. Grassland of China, 2000, 6: 1-5.
卫智军, 韩国栋, 杨静, 等. 短花针茅荒漠草原植物群落特征对不同载畜率水平的响应. 中国草地, 2000, 6: 1-5.
[14] Zhao N, Zhang H X, Wang R M, et al . Effect of grazing intensity on temperature sensitivity of soil nitrogen mineralization in Zoigё alpine meadow. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2014, (15): 4234-4241.
赵宁, 张洪轩, 王若梦, 等. 放牧对若尔盖高寒草甸土壤氮矿化及其温度敏感性的影响. 生态学报, 2014, (15): 4234-4241.
[15] Tracy B F, Frank D A. Herbivore influence on soil microbial biomass and nitrogen mineralization in a northern grassland ecosystem, Yellowstone National Park. Oecologia, 1998, 114(4): 556-562.
[16] Raison R J, Connell M J, Khanna P K. Mothodology for studying fluxes of soil mineral N in situ . Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 1987, 19: 521-530.
[17] Hamilton E W, Frank D A. Can plants stimulate soil microbes and their own nutrient supply evidence from a grazing tolerant grass. Ecology, 2001, 82(9): 2397-2402.
[18] Holland J N, Cheng W X, Crossley D A. Herbivore-induced changes in plant carbon allocation: Assessment of below-ground C fluxes using carbon-14. Oecologia, 1996, 107(1): 87-94.
[19] Gao X F, Han G D. Effect of intensity on soil nitrogen circulation system in desert steppe. Arid Land Resources and Environment, 2011, 11: 165-168.
高雪峰, 韩国栋. 利用强度对荒漠草原土壤氮循环系统的影响. 干旱区资源与环境, 2011, 11: 165-168.
[20] Liu T Z. Soil Nitrification, Microorganisms and Nitrification Responses to Sheep Grazing Intensity in Typical Grassland of East Gansu Province[D]. Lanzhou: Lanzhou University, 2012.
刘天增. 陇东典型草原土壤硝化微生物及硝化作用对绵羊放牧强度的响应[D]. 兰州: 兰州大学, 2012.
[21] Yang Y. Effects of Grazing Intensity on Soil Net Nitrogen Mineralization in Typical Steppe of Inner Mongolia[D]. Hohhot: Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 2010.
杨勇. 放牧强度对内蒙古典型草原土壤净氮矿化的影响[D]. 呼和浩特: 内蒙古农业大学, 2010.
[22] Chen D D, Sun D S, Zhang S H, et al . Soil N mineralization of an alpine meadow in eastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2011, (3): 420-424.
陈懂懂, 孙大帅, 张世虎, 等. 青藏高原东缘高寒草甸土壤氮矿化初探. 草地学报, 2011, (3): 420-424.
[23] Li C L. Study on the Effects of Grazing on Stipa baicalensis and Steno Steppe Vegetation and Soil[D]. Hohhot: Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 2008.
李春莉. 放牧对短花针茅草原及糙羊茅草原植被和土壤影响的研究[D]. 呼和浩特: 内蒙古农业大学, 2008.
[24] Lin H J. Effects of Grazing and Plant Diversity on Nitrogen Cycling of Grassland[D]. Changchun: Northeast Normal University, 2014.
林海蛟. 放牧与植物多样性对草地氮循环的影响[D]. 长春: 东北师范大学, 2014.
[25] Wu H H, Dannenmann M, Fanselow N, et al . Feedback of grazing on gross rates of N mineralization and inorganic N partitioning in steppe soils of Inner Mongolia. Plant and Soil, 2011, 340(1/2): 127-139.
[26] Liu X R, Dong Y S, Qi Y C, et al . Study on mineralization of net nitrogen in typical temperate grassland. Environmental Science, 2007, 28(3): 633-639.
刘杏认, 董云社, 齐玉春, 等. 温带典型草地土壤净氮矿化作用研究. 环境科学, 2007, 28(3): 633-639.
[27] Li G C, Han X G, Huang J H. Research progress on influencing factors of soil nitrogen mineralization in forest ecosystem. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2001, 21(7): 1187-1195.
李贵才, 韩兴国, 黄建辉. 森林生态系统土壤氮矿化影响因素研究进展. 生态学报, 2001, 21(7): 1187-1195.
[28] Wang C H. Soil Net N Mineralization in the Typical Temperate Grassland in Inner Mongolia[D]. Beijing: the Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2005.
王常慧. 内蒙古温带典型草原土壤净氮矿化作用[D]. 北京: 中国科学院研究生院, 2005.
[29] Puri G, Ashman M R. Relationship between soil microbial biomass and gross N mineralization. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 1998, 30(2): 251-256.
[30] Calderon J F, Louise E J, Scow K M, et al . Microbial response to simulated tillage in cultivated and uncultivated soils. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 2000, 32(11/12): 1547-1559.
[31] Yang X H, Dong Y S, Qi Y C. Soil nitrogen mineralization of soil in an Aneulolepidium chinensis grassland, Inner Mongolia. Progress in Geography, 2005, 24(2): 30-37.
杨小红, 董云社, 齐玉春. 内蒙古羊草草原土壤净氮矿化研究. 地理科学进展, 2005, 24(2): 30-37.
[32] Xu Y Q, Li L H, Wang Q B, et al . The pattern between nitrogen mineralization and grazing intensities in an Inner Mongolian typical steppe. Plant and Soil, 2007, 300: 289-300.
[33] Wu J G, Han M, Chang W, et al . The mineralization of soil nitrogen and its influenced factors under alpine meadows in Qilian Mountains. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2007, 16(6): 39-46.
吴建国, 韩梅, 苌伟, 等. 祁连山中部高寒草甸土壤氮矿化及其影响因素研究. 草业学报, 2007, 16(6): 39-46.
[34] Zhou C P, Ouyang H. Effects of temperature and humidity on soil nitrogen mineralization in warm temperate deciduous broad-leaved forest. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2001, (2): 204-209.
周才平, 欧阳华. 温度和湿度对暖温带落叶阔叶林土壤氮矿化的影响. 植物生态学报, 2001, (2): 204-209.
[35] Zhu J X, Wang Q F, He N P, et al . Nitrogen mineralization and temperature sensitivity of different types of grassland in Inner Mongolia. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2013, (19): 6320-6327.
朱剑兴, 王秋凤, 何念鹏, 等. 内蒙古不同类型草地土壤氮矿化及其温度敏感性. 生态学报, 2013, (19): 6320-6327.
[36] Hagedorn F, Steiner K G, Sekayange L, et al . Effects of rainfall pattern on nitrogen mineralization and leaching in green manure experiment in South Rwanda. Plant and Soil, 1997, 195: 365-375.
[37] Jamieson N, Monaghan R, Barraclough D. Seasonal trends of N mineralization in a natural calcareous grassland. Global Change Biology, 1999, 5: 425-431.
[38] Yan Z Q, Qi Y C, Dong Y S, et al . Nitrogen cycling in grassland ecosystems in response to climate change and human activities. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2014, 23(6): 279-292.
闫钟清, 齐玉春, 董云社, 等. 草地生态系统氮循环关键过程对全球变化及人类活动的响应与机制. 草业学报, 2014, 23(6): 279-292.
[39] Abbasi M K, Adams W A. Gaseous N emission during simultaneous nitrification denitrification associated with mineral N fertilization to a grassland soil under field conditions. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 2000, 32: 1251-1259.