滴灌AM真菌孢子水溶液对苜蓿的促生长效应研究

doi:10.11686/cyxb2016453

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 以紫花苜蓿作为研究对象,通过采用Sufer软件对滴灌AM真菌孢子前后土壤的水、盐分和丛枝菌根真菌(AMF)孢子进行等值线图的绘制,分析滴灌前后的运移状态;在苜蓿的生长期进行定期滴灌菌肥AMF孢子,在50 d后测定苜蓿植株菌根侵染率、根瘤数、产孢性能和生物量等指标,分析不同AMF的滴灌效果,对苜蓿进行关于滴灌AMF孢子水溶液的可行性研究。结果表明,1)AMF孢子在水溶液中的数量随着时间的延长而不断降低,滴灌前土壤含水量呈现出表层低而深层高的总体特点。土层的电导率分布范围较均匀。AM真菌孢子主要集中在土层10~25 cm处。滴灌后,水分大部分集中在距离滴头30 cm左右的土层,含水量较滴灌前升高。在滴头附近盐分向四周扩散,在30~45 cm处形成盐分高值区。孢子主要集中在距滴头0~25 cm左右,对于远距离的湿润区,其孢子数有一定的下降趋势。滴灌不同AM菌种孢子水溶液及滴灌距离对苜蓿生长的影响具有一定的差异性。近距离滴灌的植株地上生物量和株高显著高于远距离滴灌的植株(P<0.05);2)滴灌菌种根内球囊霉(Gi)的苜蓿植株干物质(地上、地下)显著高于对照6.59%和13.29%(P<0.05)。菌种摩西球囊霉(Gm)、内球囊霉(Gi)和幼套球囊霉(Ge)处理的地下干重显著高于对照处理9.05%,13.29%和9.96%(P<0.05),地表球囊霉(Gv)处理的地下干重与对照无显著性差异(P>0.05)。Gi处理苜蓿的分枝数显著高于对照处理19.73%(P<0.05),其他菌种间无显著性差异但都显著高于对照处理(P<0.05)。Gi和Ge处理的苜蓿植株的根瘤数、孢子数和侵染率显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。滴灌菌种间菌根侵染率和根瘤数无显著性差异(P>0.05)。滴灌距离对植株地下部干重、株高、孢子数有显著性影响(P<0.05)。滴灌距离和滴灌菌种的互作除了对菌根侵染率、根瘤数和根长具有显著地影响外(P<0.05),对其余的各指标都没有显著性影响(P>0.05)。综合分析Gi菌种的滴灌应用对苜蓿的效果较好。

Abstract: We drew an isoline map of soil moisture content, soil salt content, and spores of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on alfalfa using Sufer software to analyze the AMF migration state before and after regular drip irrigation. Alfalfa was drip-irrigated at different rates with solutions containing AMF spores. The mycorrhizal infection rate, number of nodules, biomass, and sporulation performance were measured after 50 days of irrigation to evaluate the effects of supplying AMF by this method. The results showed that the number of AMF spores in aqueous solution decreased over time, the soil moisture content was low in upper soil layers and high in deeper soil layers before drip irrigation, and the soil conductivity distribution was uniform. The AMF spores were mainly concentrated in the 10-25 cm soil layer after drip irrigation. The drip water was mostly concentrated within 30 cm of the dripper, and the soil water in this region was higher after drip irrigation than before. Salts were also distributed by the dripper, and concentrated in soil at a distance of 30-45 cm from the dripper. The AMF spores were mainly concentrated within 0-25 cm distance of the dripper, and their abundance decreased with increasing distance from the dripper. Alfalfa growth was affected by drip irrigation of AMF fungal spores and the distance from the dripper. The aboveground biomass and height of alfalfa were significantly higher for plants close to the dripper than for plants more distant from the dripper (P<0.05). The aboveground and belowground biomass of alfalfa were higher for plants irrigated with Gi AMF spore solution than for those in the control (P<0.05). The underground biomass was significantly higher for alfalfa plants irrigated with Gm, Gi, and Ge AMF spore solutions than for those in the control (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in underground biomass of alfalfa between plants irrigated with Gv AMF spore solution and those in the control. The number of alfalfa branches was significantly higher for plants irrigated with Gi AMF spores than for plants in the control (P<0.05). The root nodule number, spore number, and infection rate of alfalfa were significantly higher for plants irrigated with Gi and Ge AMF spore solutions (P<0.05) than for those in the control. The distance from the dripper significantly affected underground biomass, plant height. and number of spores (P<0.05). The interaction between distance from the dripper and AMF strain did not have significant effects for most tested indices, except for infection rate, nodule number, and root length. These results showed that drip irrigation of a solution containing Gi AM fungal spores is beneficial for alfalfa.

景鹏成, 吕艳萍, 王树林, 陈乙实, 鲁为华. 滴灌AM真菌孢子水溶液对苜蓿的促生长效应研究[J]. 草业学报, 2017, 26(9): 121-131.

JING Peng-Cheng, LV Yan-Ping, WANG Shu-Lin, CHEN Yi-Shi, LU Wei-Hua. Drip irrigation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal spores and their growth-promoting effects on alfalfa[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2017, 26(9): 121-131.

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