欢迎访问《草业学报》官方网站,今天是 分享到:

草业学报 ›› 2017, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (9): 176-188.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2017097

• 综合评述 • 上一篇    下一篇

明清时期方志中的苜蓿考

孙启忠1, 柳茜2, 李峰1, 陶雅1,*   

  1. 1.中国农业科学院草原研究所,内蒙古 呼和浩特 010010;
    2.凉山彝族自治州畜牧兽医研究所,四川 西昌 615042
  • 收稿日期:2017-03-07 修回日期:2017-04-17 出版日期:2017-09-20 发布日期:2017-09-20
  • 通讯作者: *通信作者Corresponding author. E-mail: taoya2001@126.com
  • 作者简介:孙启忠(1959-),男,内蒙古五原人,研究员。E-mail: sunqz@126.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家牧草产业体系(GRS-35),中国农业科学院创新工程牧草栽培与加工利用(CAAS-ASTIP-IGR 2015-02)和巴彦淖尔肉羊优质饲草高效生产关键技术集成与研究应用资助

Records of alfalfa in local chronicles between the Ming and Qing dynasties

SUN Qi-Zhong1, LIU Qian2, LI Feng1, TAO Ya1,*   

  1. 1.Grassland Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Huhhot 010010, China;
    2.Institute of Animal and Veterinary Sciences of Liangshan Prefecture, Xichang 615042, China
  • Received:2017-03-07 Revised:2017-04-17 Online:2017-09-20 Published:2017-09-20

摘要: 方志是珍贵的史料,苜蓿作为重要的物产资源被明清时期的许多方志所记载,这对研究我国这一时期的苜蓿发展轨迹具有十分重要的意义。本文以我国华东、华北、西北和东北等地明清时期的方志为研究重点,应用考据学原理与技术,对103个方志中的苜蓿进行了考查和梳理,结果表明,明清时期华东、华北和西北都有苜蓿种植,共计15个省,98个县(府/州/厅),其中安徽、山东、河南、河北、山西、陕西和甘肃尤为普遍。方志记载的内容广泛,例如记载了苜蓿的生态生物学特性及其利用情况,人们利用苜蓿的宿根多年生性,种植三四年沃土肥田后,耕翻可使后作产量增加,利用苜蓿的耐碱性改良土壤后再种其他作物易于成功;河北方志中记载了清代河北种植的苜蓿有2种,即紫花苜蓿和黄花苜蓿;苜蓿不仅是重要的草类资源,亦是重要的蔬菜资源,苜蓿不仅作为饲草,幼嫩的枝条也被用来食用,特别是在饥年苜蓿是重要的救荒食物。

Abstract: Local chronicles provide valuable historical data. Some chronicles list alfalfa as an important product resource between the Ming and Qing dynasties. These records have great significance for tracking the development of alfalfa during this time. This research focused on local chronicles in east, northeast, and north China between the Ming and Qing dynasties. We used various text analyses to investigate and card alfalfa records in 101 local chronicles. The results showed that alfalfa was cultivated in east, north, and northwest China during the Ming and Qing dynasties, and was particularly common in north and northwest China, especially in Anhui, Shandong, Henan, Hebei, Shanxi, Shanxi, and Gansu Provinces. Some local chronicles recorded details of not only alfalfa cultivation, but also its ecology, biological characteristics, and utilization. First, alfalfa with its perennial roots was used to fertilize soil by cultivation for 3 or 4 years, then the alfalfa was turned over and another crop was planted. This increased the yield and success rate of crops grown on saline land. The local chronicles of Hebei Province noted that two alfalfa species (Medicago sativa and Medicago falcata) were cultivated there during the Qing Dynasty. The chronicles described the importance of alfalfa as both a forage crop for cattle and horses, and as a food for humans, especially during times of famine.