南疆玉米和不同糖分甜高粱的青贮品质分析

doi:10.11686/cyxb20140327

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为筛选适宜南疆地区的青贮甜高粱品种,采用罐装青贮的方法,以青贮玉米为对照,研究了糖分含量存在差异的6个品种甜高粱青贮的感观性状及其营养成分。结果显示,1)新高粱2号、考利和丽欧3个甜高粱品种青贮成功率均达到了100%,pH值小于4.12,感官评价为1级优等。甜饲1号和玉米青贮成功率为80%,pH值分别为4.27和4.18,感官定级为2级尚好。大力士青贮成功率为40%,pH值为4.97,感官定级为3级中等。X096青贮成功率为20%,pH 5.31,定级为4级腐败。丽欧、考利、新高粱2号及玉米青贮的乳酸含量较高,丁酸含量较低;而X096、大力士青贮丁酸含量偏高,乳酸含量则较低。2)大力士甜高粱青贮水分含量最高(P<0.05),X096甜高粱青贮饲料水分含量最低(P<0.05)。甜高粱丽欧、考利和玉米青贮饲料的粗蛋白含量均超过了7%,显著高于其他各青贮样本(P<0.05),X096青贮饲料粗蛋白质含量最低(P<0.05)。粗脂肪含量以考利甜高粱青贮饲料最高,为3.30%,显著高于玉米、大力士和X096青贮饲料(P<0.05)。考利和丽欧甜高粱青贮饲料水溶性碳水化合物(water soluble carbohydrate, WSC)含量均超过了4.5%,显著高于其他各青贮饲料WSC含量(P<0.05)。青贮玉米WSC含量高于X096和甜饲1号。3)粗纤维、中性洗涤纤维及酸性洗涤纤维含量,以X096甜高粱青贮最高(P<0.05),丽欧、考利、甜饲1号和玉米青贮基本在同一水平(P>0.05)。4)各品种甜高粱及玉米青贮的灰分、钙、磷含量无显著性差异(P>0.05)。可见,在南疆可选择新高粱2号、考利、丽欧等甜高粱品种替代玉米来制作青贮饲料;选择大力士制作青贮,应采取延迟收割或晾晒等方法,以降低青贮前水分偏高的问题。

Abstract: To select sweet sorghum varieties suitable for making good silage in southern Xinjiang, the sensory traits and nutrient content in different kinds of sweet sorghum silage and maize silage were evaluated. Six varieties of sweet sorghum with different sugar contents and one maize variety were chosen to make silage in plastic cans. 1) The success rate was 100% in the ensiling from Xin-sorghum No.2, Cowley and Rio. The pH in the silage was less than 4.12 and the sensory evaluation was excellent. For Tian-si No.1 and maize, the success rate was 80%, the pHs were 4.27 and 4.18 respectively, and the sensory evaluation was good. For Hunnigreen, the success rate was 40%, pH was 4.97 with sensory evaluation a medium grade 3. For X096 the success rate was 20%, pH 5.31 and it was rated as 4-corruption. Rio, Cowley, Xin-sorghum No.2 and maize silages had higher levels of lactic acid and lower level of butyric acid, while the silages made from X096, Hunnigreen sweet sorghum had more butyric acid and less lactic acid. 2) Water content was highest in Hunnigreen sweet sorghum silage (P<0.05) and lowest in X096 sweet sorghum silage (P<0.05). The crude protein contents in the silages from sweet sorghum Rio, Cowley and maize were more than 7%, which was significantly (P<0.05) higher than those in other silages, with minimum crude protein content being 5.7% from X096. Crude fat content in sweet sorghum Cowley silage was 3.30%, was significantly (P<0.05) higher than those in other silages. Water-soluble carbohydrate (WSC) contents in Cowley and Rio sweet sorghum silages were more than 4.5%, significantly (P<0.05) higher than those in the silages from other varieties. The WSC content in maize silage was larger than those in X096 and Tian-si No.1 sweet sorghum silages. 3) The contents of crude fiber, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber in X096 silage were higher compared to other silages (P<0.05), but the amounts of such components were almost the same in Rio, Cowley and Tian-si No.1 (P>0.05). 4) There were no significant differences between the silages in the contents of ash, calcium and phosphorus. The results suggested that choosing sweet sorghum Xin-sorghum No.2, Cowley and Rio instead of maize to make silage is possible in Southern Xinjiang. In order to reduce moisture, it is better to delay harvesting or to dry for a short time before making silage using Hunnigreen sweet sorghum as the raw material.

中图分类号:

S816.5⁺3

张苏江,艾买尔江·吾斯曼,薛兴中,张晓,郭雪峰,陈立强. 南疆玉米和不同糖分甜高粱的青贮品质分析[J]. 草业学报, 2014, 23(3): 232-240.

ZHANG Su-jiang,AMERJAN Osman,XUE Xing-zhong,ZHANG Xiao,GUO Xue-feng,CHEN Li-qiang. Quality analysis on different sweet sorghum silages in Southern Xinjiang compared with a corn silage[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2014, 23(3): 232-240.

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