不同施氮对饲草玉米产量品质及养分吸收的影响

doi:10.11686/cyxb20140330

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 在西南乳业生产中心四川省洪雅县,以玉草2号为试材,通过2009年田间试验研究了不同施氮量(0,60,120,180,240 kg N/hm²,分别记为N₀,N₆₀,N₁₂₀,N₁₈₀,N₂₄₀)对饲草玉米产量品质及养分吸收的影响。结果表明,施氮显著增加了分蘖数,从N₀的1.3个增加到N₁₈₀或N₂₄₀的1.7个,增幅为30.8%;喇叭口期及收获期的地上部干物质量随施氮量增加而增加,并在N₁₈₀时达最大,相比N₀分别增加60.9%和23.8%,但在N₂₄₀时又开始一定下降。施氮显著提高了粗蛋白含量,明显降低了中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维含量,从而有效提高了饲草玉米的营养价值和饲用品质。植株氮、磷、钾含量随生育期推进而逐渐降低;施氮显著提高了氮含量和氮、磷吸收量,提高了磷含量,降低了钾含量,但差异不显著,对钾吸收量无明显影响。玉草2号对氮、磷、钾的吸收量顺序是N>K₂O>P₂O₅,N∶P₂O₅∶K₂O在拔节期为8.2∶1∶5.5,在喇叭口期为9.5∶1∶9.7,在收获期为8.0∶1∶5.8。玉草2号种植中要注重氮、钾肥的投入,洪雅当地的推荐施氮量为180 kg N/hm²。

Abstract: A field experiment was carried out at a planting base of forage grass in Hongya, Sichuan, China to investigate the effect of nitrogen (N) addition at different rates (0, 60, 120, 180, 240 kg/ha, labelled as N₀, N₆₀, N₁₂₀, N₁₈₀, N₂₄₀ respectively) on the yield, quality and nutrient absorption of forage maize (FM) (Zea mays-Zea mexicana hybrids, cv.Yucao 2) in 2009. Nitrogen application significantly promoted tiller number and biomass of FM at the trumpeting stage (TS) and the silking stage (SS), immediately after harvest. Aboveground dry matter increased with an increase in N rates, and increased by 60.9% at TS and 23.8% at SS under N180 compared with those under N₀, but it decreased to some extent under N₂₄₀. N application markedly enhanced crude protein (CP) content, and reduced the contents of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF), so improving available nutritive value and forage quality of FM. Plant N, P and K contents reduced with plant development stage: at the jointing stage (JS): N 3.74%, P₂O₅ 0.456%, K₂O 2.50%; at TS: N 2.21%, P₂O₅ 0.238%, K₂O 2.32%; at SS: N 1.46%, P₂O₅ 0.184%, K₂O 1.08%. Nitrogen addition significantly promoted N concentration, N and P uptakes, weakly increased P concentration, but weakly reduced K concentration and barely influenced K uptake. The order of N, P and K uptakes of FM was N>K₂O>P₂O₅, the ratios of N∶P₂O₅∶K₂O were 8.2∶1∶5.5 at JS, 9.5∶1∶9.7 at TS, 8.0∶1∶5.8 at SS. In conclusion, N and K nutrition were very important and the appropriate rate of N was 180 kg/ha for Yucao 2 plantings in this area.

中图分类号:

S816.11

陈远学,陈曦,陈新平,罗永,牟勇,吕世华,徐开未. 不同施氮对饲草玉米产量品质及养分吸收的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2014, 23(3): 255-261.

CHEN Yuan-xue,CHEN Xi,CHEN Xin-ping,LUO Yong,MU Yong,LV Shi-hua,XU Kai-wei. Effects of different nitrogen additions on the yield, quality and nutrient absorption of forage maize[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2014, 23(3): 255-261.

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