老芒麦染色体组型分析

doi:10.11686/cyxb2014371

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 以老芒麦种子为材料,利用酶解-火焰干燥法来分析有丝分裂中期染色体核型,为老芒麦系统分类及育种工作提供科学依据。研究结果表明,老芒麦染色体数目为28条,13号染色体上有1对随体,臂比值大于2的染色体占7.14%,最长染色体与最短染色体比值为2.04,核型公式是2n=4x=28=24m+4sm(2SAT),不对称类型为2B。细胞有丝分裂呈现出间期、前期、前中期、中期、后期5个不同的时期。在分裂间期,细胞核染色均匀;到分裂前期时可以看到纤细状的网状染色体;进入分裂前中期,可辨别单个染色体;到分裂中期,染色体高度浓缩,姊妹染色单体及着丝点都清晰可辨;在分裂后期,姊妹染色单体分离。

Abstract: A study has been undertaken to determine the karyotype of Elymus sibiricus. The results showed that the chromosome number of E. sibiricus was 28, with a pair of satellites on the short arms of the 13^th chromosomes. Its karyotype formula is 2n=4x=24m+4sm (2SAT). The percentage of chromosomes with arm ratios over 2 was 7.14%, and the ratio of the longest to the shortest was 2.04. Its karyotype asymmetry is 2B. There were five phases (Interphase, Prophase, Prometaphase, Metaphase and Anaphase) in the process of mitosis. At interphase the nuclei were dyed homogeneously. During prophase the shape of the slender chromosomes was visible. The individual chromosome could be identified clearly in the prometaphase. At metaphase the chromosomes highly concentrated and the chromatids and centromeres were distinctly visible. During anaphase the chromatids separated and moved to the opposite poles.

郑慧敏, 毛培胜, 黄莺. 老芒麦染色体组型分析[J]. 草业学报, 2015, 24(8): 225-229.

ZHENG Hui-Min, MAO Pei-Sheng, HUANG Ying. Karyotype analysis and mitotic observation of Elymus sibiricus[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2015, 24(8): 225-229.

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