Abstract: The effects of phosphorus (P) fertilization on the accumulation, transformation and availability of P in soil chemistry have drawn much attention in recent years. This paper reports on a six-year fertilization experiment (beginning in 2008) with alfalfa grown in the south region of Beijing. The soil type in the study area is fluvo-aquic. Before the experiment was performed, soil organic matter was 11.2 g/kg, total P was 0.77 g/kg, available P was 5.66 mg/kg and soil pH was 8.3 in the topsoil (0-20 cm). The results showed that the contents of total P, available P and inorganic P in various forms decreased markedly without P fertilization and increased significantly when P fertilizer was applied. Total P and available P in soils without fertilization decreased by 6.94% and 16.3% respectively, while in soil treated with six years fertilization they increased by 1.3%-13.0% and 164.7%-335.9% respectively. The effects of different P fertilizer treatments on Ca₂-P content were significant. Ca₂-P content was almost depleted in the non-fertilization treatment, while levels in the fertilization treatment increased 19-36 times. P fertilization also increased the soil content of Ca₈-P, Ca₁₀-P, Al-P, Fe-P, O-P. When fertilization was stopped in 2013 it was found that no significant differences existed in soil P level, alfalfa yield and nutrient content between the treatments of continued fertilization (F₂) and ceased fertilization (F₂'). The results indicate that long term P fertilization has significant and continuous effects. The accumulation of P in soil contents should also enhance future biological performance.