陇中黄土高原半干旱区苜蓿-作物轮作对土壤物理性质的影响

doi:10.11686/cyxb2015009

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 本研究通过设置在陇中黄土高原半干旱区苜蓿-作物轮作系统的长期定位试验,探讨了不同轮作模式对土壤物理性质的影响。6种轮作模式包括:苜蓿-苜蓿(L-L)、苜蓿-休闲(L-F)、苜蓿-小麦(L-W)、苜蓿-玉米(L-C)、苜蓿-马铃薯(L-P)和苜蓿-谷子(L-M)。结果表明,不同轮作模式下耕层土壤容重、孔隙度、土壤饱和导水率、土壤渗吸率、宏观毛管长度和有效孔径差异显著,苜蓿-作物轮作对土壤团聚体稳定性有一定影响,但不明显。L-F、L-W、L-C、L-P和L-M模式的土壤容重比L-L模式分别降低了6.86%,7.69%,6.22%,9.29%与10.17%。土壤渗吸率在L-F、L-W、L-C、L-P和L-M模式下分别比L-L模式提高了1.19,2.31,0.25,0.66和0.75倍,宏观毛管长度分别提高了3.73,2.92,1.49,2.62和1.15倍,有效孔径分别降低了79.43%,72.99%,56.71%,69.41%和56.35%,L-F、L-W和L-M模式土壤饱和导水率分别比L-L模式提高了0.32,1.52和0.33倍。轮作对土壤团聚体的影响主要表现在0~10 cm和10~30 cm的土层,其中L-C模式显著增加了土壤大团聚体含量,且增大了平均重量直径(MWD)和几何平均直径(GMD)值,提高了土壤的机械稳定性,L-P模式次之,但轮作在一定程度上降低了土壤水稳性团聚体的含量,L-F、L-W、L-C、L-P和L-M模式比L-L模式分别降低了33.44%,23.08%,7.36%,27.09%和20.29%。说明在黄土高原半干旱区,轮作有助于形成良好的土壤结构,改善土壤的渗透性能,促进土壤物理质量的提高。

Abstract: A long-term field experiment comparing the effects of different lucerne-crop rotations on soil physical properties was conducted at Dingxi, western Loess Plateau. Six rotation patterns [lucerne-lucerne (L-L), lucerne-fallow (L-F), lucerne-wheat (L-W), lucerne-corn (L-C), lucerne-potato (L-P) and lucerne-millet (L-M)] were compared. There were significant differences in soil bulk density, soil total porosity, soil saturated hydraulic conductivity, soil sorptivity, macroscopic capillary length and mean pore diameter among the six rotation patterns, but soil aggregate stability was not affected. Compared with those under L-L, soil bulk density under L-F, L-W, L-C, L-P and L-M was reduced by 6.86%, 7.69%, 6.22%, 7.69% and 6.22% respectively, soil sorptivity increased by 1.19, 2.31, 0.25, 0.66 and 0.75 times respectively, macroscopic capillary length increased by 3.73, 2.92, 1.49, 2.62 and 1.15 times respectively and mean pore diameter reduced by 79.43%, 72.99%, 79.43%, 69.41% and 56.35% respectively. Compared with L-L, soil saturated hydraulic conductivity under L-F,L-W and L-M increased by 0.32, 1.52 and 0.33 times, respectively. The effect of rotation on soil aggregate mainly influenced the 0-10 and 10-30 cm soil layers. It was concluded that lucerne-crop rotations improved soil structure and permeability, improving soil physical quality in the semi-arid areas on the Loess Plateau.

宋丽萍, 罗珠珠, 李玲玲, 蔡立群, 张仁陟, 牛伊宁. 陇中黄土高原半干旱区苜蓿-作物轮作对土壤物理性质的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2015, 24(7): 12-20.

SONG Li-Ping, LUO Zhu-Zhu, LI Ling-Ling, CAI Li-Qun, ZHANG Ren-Zhi, NIU Yi-Ning. Effect of lucerne-crop rotations on soil physical properties in the semiarid Loess Plateau of Central Gansu[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2015, 24(7): 12-20.

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