野生大麦对土壤磷吸收及其酸性磷酸酶活性的基因型差异

doi:10.11686/cyxb20150112

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 在土培盆栽条件下,以野生大麦磷高效基因型IS-22-30、IS-22-25和磷低效基因型IS-07-07为材料,研究施磷量为 0,30,60 和 90 mg/kg土条件下其磷素吸收能力及酸性磷酸酶活性变化的差异,为探明磷高效野生大麦高效吸收利用磷素机理提供依据。结果表明,1)随施磷量的增加,不同磷效率野生大麦生物量、磷积累量均有不同程度的增加,而根冠比呈显著降低的趋势,且不同施磷处理下,野生大麦生物量、磷积累量和根冠比均表现为磷高效基因型显著高于低效基因型。2)不同施磷处理下,野生大麦根际土壤有效磷和水溶性磷含量均显著低于非根际土壤。不施磷、施磷 30 和 60 mg/kg土条件下,磷高效基因型较低效基因型根际土壤有效磷和水溶性磷亏缺程度突出。3)与非根际土壤相比,在不施磷、施磷 30 mg/kg土条件下,磷高效基因型IS-22-30、IS-22-25根际土壤酸性磷酸酶活性的效应范围为4 mm,均明显大于低效基因型IS-07-07的活性效应范围2 mm。不同施磷处理下,磷高效基因型根际土壤酸性磷酸酶的活性明显高于低效基因型,且在不施磷、施磷 30 mg/kg土条件下差异显著,表明磷高效野生大麦具有较强的低磷土壤环境适应能力和土壤磷素活化能力。随施磷量的增加,不同磷效率野生大麦植株叶片和根系酸性磷酸酶的活性均显著降低,且高效基因型叶片和根系酸性磷酸酶的活性较低效基因型高,表明高效基因型植株体内磷素的重复再利用能力较强。低磷胁迫下,磷高效基因型较高的酸性磷酸酶活性是其磷素高效吸收利用的重要特征。

Abstract: In order to evaluate differences in phosphorus (P) absorption capacity and acid phosphatase activity,two genotypes of wild barley (Hordeum brevisublatum) with high P efficiency (IS-22-30, IS-22-25) and one genotype with low P efficiency (IS-07-07) were grown in pots treated with four different P application rates (0, 30, 60, and 90 mg/kg soil). With increasing P concentrations, the biomass and P accumulations of all tested genotypes increased, however the root/shoot ratios decreased. For all P treatments, both the biomass and P accumulation of high efficiency genotypes were significantly higher than that of the low efficiency genotype. For all tested genotypes,the concentrations of available P and water soluble P in rhizosphere soils were significantly lower than in non-rhizosphere soils. For lower application rates (0, 30, 60 mg/kg soil) in rhizosphere soils, the concentrations of available P and water soluble P were lower in the high efficiency genotypes than in the low efficiency genotype. In rhizosphere soils with application rates of 0 and 30 mg/kg soil, the acid phosphatase activity of the high efficiency genotypes was significantly higher than that of the low efficiency genotype. These results suggest that wild barleys with high P efficiency have the activation capability to adapt to low P soils. With increased levels of P application, acid phosphatase activities in the leaves and roots of all tested genotypes significantly decreased. Furthermore, acid phosphatase activities in the more efficient genotypes were significantly higher than in the low efficiency genotype, indicating that the P recycling capacity of the more efficient plants is higher and that their increased acid phosphatase activities promote absorption in conditions of low P stress.

徐静, 张锡洲, 李廷轩, 陈光登. 野生大麦对土壤磷吸收及其酸性磷酸酶活性的基因型差异[J]. 草业学报, 2015, 24(1): 88-98.

XU Jing, ZHANG Xizhou, LI Tingxuan, CHEN Guangdeng. Phosphorus absorption and acid phosphatase activity in wild barley genotypes with different phosphorus use efficiencies[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2015, 24(1): 88-98.

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