[1] Zhang Q, Zhao X, Zhao H L. Chinese Sandy Grassland[M]. Beijing: China Meteorological Press, 1998. [2] Zuo W Q, Wang Y H, Wang F Y, et al . Effects of enclosure on the community characteristics of Leymus chinensisin degenerated steppe. Acta Prtaculturae Sinica, 2009, 18(3): 12-19. [3] Li X R, Zhang Z S, Wang X P, et al . The ecohydrology of the soil vegetation system restoration in arid zones: a review. Journal of Desert Research, 2009, 29(5): 845-852. [4] Yan Y C, Tang H P, Xin X P, et al . Advances in research on the effects of exclosure on grasslands. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2009, 29(9): 5039-5046. [5] Su Y Z, Zhao H L. Influences of grazing and exclosure on carbon sequestration in degraded sandy grassland, Inner Mongolia, North China. Environmental Science, 2003, 24(4): 23-28. [6] Shan G L, Xu Z, Ning F. Influence of seasonal exclosure on plant and soil characteristics in typical steppe. Acta Prtaculturae Sinica, 2009, 18(2): 3-10. [7] Meissner R A, Facelli J M. Effects of sheep exclusion on the soil seed bank and annual vegetation in chenopod shrublands of South Australia. Journal of Arid Environment, 1999, 42(2): 117-128. [8] Wang Y R, Zeng Y J, Fu H, et al . Affects of over grazing and enclosure on desert vegetation succession of Reaumuria songarica . Journal of Desert Research, 2002, 22(4): 321-327. [9] Zhang H S, Shao X Q, Liu G H, et al . Effects of enclosing and shallow ploughing as improvement technologies on the vegetation restoration of degraded Leymus chinensis (Thin.) Tzvel. Meadow grassland. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2010, 18(3): 339-345. [10] Zou Y K, Zhang J N, Yang D L, et al . Phospholipid fatty acid analysis of microbial community structure under different land use patterns in soil ecosystems of Leymus chinensis steppes. Acta Prtaculturae Sinica, 2011, 20(4): 27-33. [11] Wang W, Guo J Y. Contribution of CO 2 emission from soil respiration and from litter decomposition in Leymus chinensis community in northeast Songnen grassland. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2002, 22(5): 655-660. [12] Hill M O, Evans D F, Bell S A. Long-term effects of excluding sheep from hill pastures in North Wales. Journal of Ecology, 1992, 80: 1-13. [13] Bao Y T G T, Chen M. The studies of changes of plant diversity on degenerated steppe in enclosed process. Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis NeMiongol, 1997,28(1): 87-91. [14] Alice A, Martin O, Elsa L, et al . Effect of grazing on community structure and productivity of an Uruguayan grassland. Plant Ecology, 2005, 179: 83-91. [15] Huseyin K, Steven S. The effects of long-term grazing exclosures on range plants in the central Anatolian region of Turkey. Environmental Management, 2007, 39: 326-337. [16] Vickery P J. Grazing and net primary production of a temperate grassland.Journal of Applied Ecology, 1992, 9: 307-314. [17] Yuan J Y, OuYang Z Y, Zheng H, et al . Species diversity and biomass of different grassland restoration approaches in southeastern Horqin sandy land. Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment, 2011, 25(10): 175-178. [18] Cao Z L, Zheng C L, Zhao T N, et al . Influences of seed source effect of enclosed grassland on seed bank around sandy grassland. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2006, 20(3): 197-200. [19] Kinucan R J, Smeins F E. Soil seed bank of a semiarid Texas grassland under three long-term (36-Years) grazing regimes. American Midland Naturalist, 1992, 128(1): 11-21. [20] Rachel A M, Jose M F. Effects of sheep exclusion on the soil seed bank and annual vegetation in chenopod shrub-lands of South Australia. Journal of Arid Environment, 1999, 42: 117-128. [21] Zhao H L, Zhao X Y, Zhang T H, et al . Desertification Process and Recover Mechanism in Horqin Dune[M]. Beijing: Martitime Press, 2003. [22] Hu Y K, Gao G G, Li K H. The succession of plant communities in Alpine grasslands in different ages of enclosing. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryolog, 2009, 31(6): 1186-1194. [23] Wang C Y, Zhang J J, Lv Y L, et al . Effects of long-term grazing exclusion on soil organic carbon fractions in the grasslands of Inner Mongolia. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2014, 23(5): 31-39. [24] Cheng T R, Ma Q Y, Feng Z K, et al . Research on forest biomass in Xiaolong Mountains, Gansu Province. Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2007, 29(1): 31-36. [25] Liu J H, Xu X X, Yang G, et al . Study on biomass of secondary shrubbery community in small watershed of Loess Hill and Gully Region. Acta Bot Boreal-Occident Sinica, 2003, 23(8): 1362-1366. [26] Wei W J, You W Z, Zhang H D, et al . Biomass carbon pool of larch forests in Liaoning province. Journal of Northeast Forestry University, 2011, 39(6): 26-29. [27] Fang Y M. Botany Reproduction Ecology[M]. Jinan: Shandong University Press, 1996. [28] Yu W T, Yu Y Q. Advances in the research of underground biomass. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2001, 12(6): 927-932. [29] Wang H, Wang H,Huang R, et al . Effects of different exclosure management on soil and plant characteristics of sandy land. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2012, 21(6): 15-22. [30] Li X H, Li X L,Jiang D M, et al . A comparatives study of the individual biomass and modular biomass. Arid Zone Research, 2009, 26(2): 200-205. [31] De Kroon H, Hutchings M J. Morphological plasticity in clonal plants: The foraging concept reconsidered. Journal of Ecology, 1995, 83: 143-152. [32] Pan Y X, Wang X P, Jia R L, et al . Spatial variability of surface soil moisture content in a re-vegetated desert area in Shapotou, Northern China. Journal of Arid Environments, 2008, 72: 1675-1683. [33] Wang X P, Li X R, Xiao H L, et al . Evolutionary characteristics of the artificially re-vegetated shrub ecosystem in the Tengger Desert, Northern China. Ecological Research, 2006, 21: 415-424. [34] Yang H T, Li X R, Liu L C, et al . Biomass allocation patterns of four shrubs in desert grassland. Journal of Desert Research, 2013, 33(5): 1340-1348. [35] Schenk H J, Jackson R B. Rooting depths, lateral root spreads and below-ground/abover-ground allometries of plants in water-limited ecosystems. Journal of Ecology, 2002, 90(3): 480-494. [36] Fank J H. The primary productivity of lawns in a temperate environment. Journal of Applied Ecology, 1980, 17: 109-114. [37] Molyneux D E. Rooting pattern and water relations of three pasture grasses growing in drying soil. Oecologia, 1983, 58: 220-224. [38] Geng H L, Wang Y H, Wang F Y, et al . The dynamics of root-shoot ratio and its environmental effective factors of recovering Leymus chinensis steppe vegetation in Inner Mongolia. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2008, 28(10): 4629-4634. [39] Poorter H, Nagel O. The role of biomass allocation in the growth response of plants to different levels of light, CO 2 , nutrients and water: a quantitative review. Australian Journal of Plant Physiology, 2000, 6: 595-607. [40] Su Z X, Zhong Z C. Studys on the biomass structure of Neosinocal Amus Affinif population in Jinyun Mountain. Acta Phytoecologica et Geobotanica Sinica, 1991, 15 (3): 240-251. [41] Wang B S, Li M G, Peng S L. Botany Population Science[M]. Guangzhou: Guangdong Higher Education Press, 1995. [1] 张强, 赵雪, 赵哈林.中国沙区草地[M]. 北京: 气象出版社, 1998: 1-2. [2] 左万庆, 王玉辉, 王风玉, 等. 围栏封育措施对退化羊草草原植物群落特征影响研究. 草业学报, 2009, 18(3): 12-19. [3] 李新荣, 张志山, 王新平, 等. 干旱区土壤-植被系统恢复的生态水文学研究进展. 中国沙漠, 2009, 29(5): 845-852. [4] 闫玉春, 唐海萍, 辛晓平, 等. 围封对草地的影响研究进展. 生态学报, 2009, 29(9): 5039-5046. [5] 苏永中, 赵哈林. 持续放牧和围封对科尔沁退化沙地草地碳截存的影响. 环境科学, 2003, 24(4): 23-28. [6] 单贵莲, 徐柱, 宁发, 等. 围封年限对典型草原植被与土壤特征的影响. 草业学报, 2009, 18(2): 3-10. [8] 王彦荣, 曾彦军, 付华, 等. 过牧及封育对红砂荒漠植被演替的影响. 中国沙漠, 2002, 22(4): 321-327. [9] 张洪生, 邵新庆, 刘贵河, 等. 围封、浅耕翻改良技术对退化羊草草地植被恢复的影响. 草地学报, 2010, 18(3): 339-345. [10] 邹雨坤, 张静妮, 杨殿林, 等. 不同利用方式下羊草草原土壤生态系统微生物群落结构的PLFA分析. 草业学报, 2011, 20(4): 27-33. [11] 王娓, 郭继勋. 东北松嫩平原羊草群落的土壤呼吸与枯枝落叶分解释放CO 2 贡献量. 生态学报, 2002, 22(5): 655-660. [13] 宝音陶格涛, 陈敏. 退化草原封育改良过程中植物种的多样性变化的研究. 内蒙古大学学报, 1997, 28(1): 87-91. [17] 袁吉有, 欧阳志云, 郑华, 等. 科尔沁沙地东南缘不同草地恢复方式下的物种多样性与生物量. 干旱区资源与环境, 2011, 25(10): 175-178. [18] 曹子龙, 郑翠玲, 赵廷宁, 等. 围封草地"种子岛"效应对周围沙化草地土壤种子库的影响. 水土保持学报, 2006, 20(3): 197-200. [21] 赵哈林, 赵学勇, 张铜会, 等. 科尔沁沙地沙漠化过程及其恢复机理[M]. 北京: 海洋出版社, 2003. [22] 胡玉昆, 高国刚, 李凯辉. 巴音布鲁克草原不同围封年限高寒草地植物群落演替分析. 冰川冻土, 2009, 31(6): 1186-1194. [23] 王春燕, 张晋京, 吕瑜良, 等. 长期封育对内蒙古羊草草地土壤有机碳组分的影响. 草业学报, 2014, 23(5): 31-39. [24] 程堂仁, 马钦彦, 冯仲科, 等. 甘肃小陇山森林生物量研究. 北京林业大学学报, 2007, 29(1): 31-36. [25] 刘江华, 徐学选, 杨光, 等. 黄土丘陵区小流域次生灌丛群落生物量研究. 西北植物学报, 2003, 23(8): 1362-1366. [26] 魏文俊, 尤文忠, 张慧东, 等. 辽宁省落叶松人工林生物量碳库特征. 东北林业大学学报, 2011, 39(6): 26-29. [27] 方炎明. 植物生殖生态学[M]. 济南: 山东大学出版社, 1996: 1-109. [28] 宇万太, 于永强. 植物地下生物量研究进展. 应用生态学报, 2001, 12(6): 927-932. [29] 王蕙, 王辉, 黄蓉, 等. 不同封育管理对沙质草地土壤与植被特征的影响. 草业学报, 2012, 21(6): 15-22. [30] 李雪华, 李晓兰, 蒋德明, 等. 科尔沁沙地70种草本植物个体和构件生物量比较研究. 干旱区研究, 2009, 26(2): 200-205. [34] 杨昊天, 李新荣, 刘立超, 等. 荒漠草地4种灌木生物量分配特征. 中国沙漠, 2013, 33(5): 1340-1348. [38] 耿浩林, 王玉辉, 王风玉, 等. 恢复状态下羊草草原( Leymus chinensis )植被根冠比动态及影响因子. 生态学报, 2008, 28(10): 4629-4634. [40] 苏智先, 钟章成. 缙云山慈竹种群生物量结构研究. 植物生态学与地植物学学报, 1991, 15(3): 240-251. [41] 王伯荪, 李鸣光, 彭少麟. 植物种群学[M]. 广州: 广东高等教育出版社, 1995: 8-27. |