灌溉次数和施肥量对甘肃引黄灌区紫花苜蓿种子产量的影响

doi:10.11686/cyxb2015269

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 甘肃引黄灌区根据农作物对水分的需求,通常在每年固定时期给水灌溉.本试验研究了甘肃引黄灌区不同灌溉次数(2,3,4次)和磷酸二铵施用量(0,180,360,540 kg/hm²)对紫花苜蓿种子产量及产量构成因素的影响,旨在寻找该地区紫花苜蓿种子生产的合理灌溉次数和最佳施肥量.通过两年的研究发现,灌溉次数对紫花苜蓿种子产量具有极显著影响(P<0.01),灌溉次数增加反而降低种子产量,2次灌溉对紫花苜蓿种子生产较为适宜,两年的平均值分别为686和891 kg/hm²;种子产量随着施肥量的增加,呈现先升高后降低趋势,在施用360 kg/hm²肥量条件产量最高,两年的平均值分别为631和786 kg/hm²;灌溉次数和施肥量二者交互作用显著,在2次和3次灌溉条件下,施肥量增加显著提高种子产量;在4次灌溉条件下,随着施肥量增加呈现先上升后下降趋势;在2013年,2次灌溉,360 kg/hm²施肥量条件下的种子产量最高,为757 kg/hm²;在2014年,2次灌溉,540 kg/hm²施肥量条件下的种子产量最高,为1019 kg/hm²;苜蓿种子产量与单位面积生殖枝数,结荚花序数呈现显著正相关,相关系数分别为0.503和0.835;2次灌溉,360 kg/hm²磷酸二铵施肥条件为该地区较为经济,高效的灌溉和施肥条件.

Abstract: Given crop demand for water in the Yellow River irrigation region of Gansu province, irrigation needs to be supplied for fixed periods. To explore optimum irrigation strategies and fertilizing methods, the effects of different irrigation frequencies (two, three and four times) and application rates of phosphate diamine (0, 180, 360, 540 kg/ha) on alfalfa seed yield and yield components were studied. The results showed significant differences in seed yield for the different irrigation frequencies (P<0.01). Seed yield decreased with increased irrigation frequency. Irrigating two times was suitable for local alfalfa seed production, with the average yields in 2013 and 2014 being 686 and 891 kg/ha respectively. With increased fertilizer rates, actual seed yield first increased and then decreased, with the highest yields achieved under a fertilizer rate of 360 kg/ha (average yields in 2013 and 2014 were 631 and 786 kg/ha respectively). Irrigation frequency and fertilizer rate interacted in terms of alfalfa seed yield. Under two-times and three-times irrigation, increasing fertilizer rates could improve seed yield significantly. Under four-times irrigation, with increased fertilizer rates the seed yields first increased and then decreased. In 2013, the highest actual seed yields (757.28 kg/ha) were obtained with two-times irrigation and a fertilizer rate of 360 kg/ha. In 2014, the highest actual seed yields (1018.75 kg/ha) were obtained with two-times irrigation and a fertilizer rate of 540 kg/ha. Alfalfa seed yield had significant correlations with effective fertile tiller number (R²=0.503) and inflorescence number (R²=0.835). In summary, two-times irrigation and a fertilizer rate of 360 kg/ha are recommended for local alfalfa seed production.

陈冬冬, 王彦荣, 韩云华. 灌溉次数和施肥量对甘肃引黄灌区紫花苜蓿种子产量的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2016, 25(3): 154-163.

CHEN Dong-Dong, WANG Yan-Rong, HAN Yun-Hua. Effects of irrigation frequency and fertilizer rate on alfalfa seed yields in the Yellow River irrigated region[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2016, 25(3): 154-163.

参考文献

[1] Han R H, Lu X S, Gao G J, et al . Photosynthetic physiological response of alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.) to drought stress. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2008, 27(12): 5229-5237.
[2] Iannucci A, Di Fonzo N, Martiniello P. Alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.) seed yield and quality under different forage management systems and irrigation treatments in a Mediterranean environment. Field Crops Research, 2002, 78(1): 65-74.
[3] He F Y, Wang J H, Gao Z H, et al . Grassland agriculture research in the Hexi desert Oasis region A case study of Minqin oasis. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2004, 13(2): 35-42.
[4] Ci E, Gao M, Wang Z F, et al . Effects of cadmium on seed germination and growth of alfalfa. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2007, 15(1): 96-98.
[5] Li S Z, Xie Y Z, Xu K. Progress of seed production of home and overseas gramineous grazing. China Seed Industry, 2005, (7): 17-19.
[6] Du W H, Tian X H, Cao Z Z. Influence of row spacing and irrigation rate on seed yield of Medicago sativa . Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2007, 16(3): 81-87.
[7] Hillel D. Role of irrigation in agricultural systems. Agronomy, 1990, (30): 5-30.
[8] Wang Y W, Han J G, Jiang L. Progress of study on high-yield irrigation technology in alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.). Seed, 2004, 23(11): 37-40.
[9] Fan J P, Zhang J L, Wang J, et al . Effects of water-saving irrigation on soil salt distribution and soil microflora in saline soil. Acta Pedologica Sinica, 2012, 49(4): 835-840.
[10] Zhang Q B, Anwar Ahmat, Yu L, et al . Effects of different irrigation methods and quantities on soil salt transfer in oasis alfalfa fields. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2014, 23(6): 69-77.
[11] Poehlman J M. Seed production practices. Breeding Field Crops, 1987, agronomymonogra(alfalfasciencet): 680-700.
[12] Han D L, Wang Y R. Adaptability of Medicago sativa under water stress. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2005, 14(6): 7-13.
[13] Taylor S A, Haddock J L, Pedersen M W. Alfalfa irrigation for maximum seed production. Agronomy Journal, 1959, 51(6): 357-360.
[14] Krogman K, Hobbs E. Irrigation management of alfalfa for seed. Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 1977, 57(3): 891-896.
[15] Han J G, Wang Y W, Gao H W. Alfalfa seed production. The First China National Alfalfa Industry Development Conference[C]. Beijing: The Chinese Grassland Society, 2001: 25.
[16] Kuerban N, Zhu J Z, Li W J, et al . Effect of applying nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer on alfalfa seed yield. Xinjiang Agricultural Science, 2009, 46(1): 152-155.
[17] Chen Q, Liu W D, Li W J. Studies on the effects of treatment with different phosphorus on alfalfa seed yield. Xinjiang Agricultural Science, 2007, 44(2): 231-234.
[18] Loeppky H A, Horton P R, Bittman S, et al . Forage seed yield response to N and P fertilizers and soil nutrients in northeastern Saskatchewan. Canadian Journal of Soil Science, 1999, 79(2): 265-271.
[19] Wang X G, Han J G, Liu F Y, et al . Effects of Density Manipulation, Cutting, Fertilizer and Growth Regulator Application on the Characteristics Related to Alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.) Seed Yield and Quality[D]. Beijing: China Agricultural University, 2005.
[20] Hosseinirad A, Chaichi M R, Sadeghpour A. Response of alfalfa seed yield and yield components to phosphorus fertilizing systems and seeding rate at semi-saline soil conditions. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 2013, 36(3): 491-502.
[21] Du W H, Tian X H, Cao Z Z. Influence of phosphorus, potassium and micro-nutrients on seed yield of alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.). Grassland and Turf, 2006, 6: 15-18.
[22] Li L, Li N, Sheng J D, et al . Effects of nitrogen fertilizer and planting density on alfalfa growth and seed yield. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2012, 20(1): 54-57.
[23] Shi F L, Kang Y. Study on seed yield and quality character of lucerne under different environment conditions. Grassland of China, 2000, (3): 34-38.
[24] Martiniello P. Influence of agronomic factors on the relationship between forage production and seed yield in perennial forage grasses and legumes in a Mediterranean environment. Agronomie, 1998, 18(8-9): 591-601.
[25] Zhang T J, Wang X G, Han J G, et al . Effects of between-row and within-row spacing on alfalfa seed yields. Crop Science, 2008, 48(2): 794-803.
[26] Zhang Z H. Alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.) seeding date selection and sparse-planting seeds production in irrigated area. Pratacultural Science, 2004, 21(12): 88-89.
[27] Yang Q C. Guide for Production and Management of Alfalfa[M]. Beijing: China Forestry Publishing House, 2001: 11.
[28] GB/T 2930.9-2001. Rules for Forage Seed Testing[S]. Beijing: Standards Press of China, 2001.
[29] Li X F, Li W J. Effect of irrigation on the yield and components of alfalfa seeds. Xinjiang Agricultural Science, 2006, 43(1): 21-24.
[30] Li Y J, Min J C. The effects of irrigation times and sowing density on the growth and seed production of alfalfa. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 1998, 7(3): 29-33.
[31] Wu S Q, Zhang Z H. Key factors affecting alfalfa seed yield. Pratacultural Science, 2004, 21(1): 10-14.
[32] Yang J H, Gao J F. Effects of different phosphorus levels without irrigation on seed yield and quality of Longdong alfalfa. Seed, 2013, 31(12): 68-71.
[33] Wang Y W. Effect of Irrigation, Fertilization, Thinning and Other on Alfalfa Seed Yield and Quality[D]. Beijing: China Agricultural University, 2003.
[34] Hacquet J. Genetic variability and climatic factors affecting lucerne seed production. Seed Prod, 1990, 8: 59-67.
[35] Zhou K S, Liu Y L, Wang Y R. Diversity of seed yield and its components in alfalfa varieties. Molecular Plant Breeding, 2009, 7(1): 95-104.
[36] Han J G, Li M. Forage seed production in potential seed yield and actual seed yield. Grassland and Turf, 1996, (1): 7-11.
[37] Geng Z G. Effects of Cutting, Lodging and Fertilizers on the Alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.) Seed Yield and Quality[D]. Lanzhou: Gansu Agricultural University, 2009.
[38] 韩瑞宏, 卢欣石, 高桂娟, 等. 紫花苜蓿 ( Medicago sativa ) 对干旱胁迫的光合生理响应. 生态学报, 2008, 27(12): 5229-5237.
[39] 贺访印, 王继和, 高志海, 等. 河西荒漠绿洲区草地农业发展技术研究以民勤绿洲为例. 草业学报, 2004, 13(2): 35-42.
[40] 慈恩, 高明, 王子芳, 等. 镉对紫花苜蓿种子萌发与幼苗生长的影响研究. 中国生态农业学报, 2007, 15(1): 96-98.
[41] 李世忠, 谢应忠, 徐坤. 国内外禾本科牧草种子生产的研究进展. 中国种业, 2005, (7): 17-19.
[42] 杜文华, 田新会, 曹致中. 播种行距和灌水量对紫花苜蓿种子产量及其构成因素的影响. 草业学报, 2007, 16(3): 81-87.
[43] 王赟文, 韩建国, 姜丽. 紫花苜蓿种子高产灌溉技术研究进展. 种子, 2004, 23(11): 37-40.
[44] 樊金萍, 张建丽, 王婧, 等. 节水灌溉对盐渍土盐分调控与土壤微生物区系的影响. 土壤学报, 2012, 49(4): 835-840.
[45] 张前兵, 艾尼娃尔·艾合买提, 于磊, 等. 绿洲区不同灌溉方式及灌溉量对苜蓿田土壤盐分运移的影响. 草业学报, 2014, 23(6): 69-77.
[46] 韩德梁, 王彦荣. 紫花苜蓿对干旱胁迫适应性的研究进展. 草业学报, 2005, 14(6): 7-13.
[47] 韩建国, 王赟文, 高洪文. 紫花苜蓿的种子生产. 首届中国苜蓿发展大会论文集[C]. 北京: 中国草原学会, 2001: 25.
[48] 库尔班·尼扎米丁, 朱进忠, 李卫军, 等. 氮, 磷肥对制种苜蓿种子增产效应的研究. 新疆农业科学, 2009, 46(1): 152-155.
[49] 陈强, 柳卫东, 李卫军. 不同磷肥处理对苜蓿种子产量的影响. 新疆农业科学, 2007, 44(2): 231-234.
[50] 王显国, 韩建国, 刘富渊, 等. 密度调控, 施肥, 刈割等措施对紫花苜蓿种子产量和质量的影响[D]. 北京: 中国农业大学, 2005.
[51] 杜文华, 田新会, 曹致中. 施磷, 钾肥及微肥对紫花苜蓿种子产量影响的研究进展. 草原与草坪, 2006, 6: 15-18.
[52] 李丽, 李宁, 盛建东, 等. 施氮量和种植密度对紫花苜蓿生长及种子产量的影响. 草地学报, 2012, 20(1): 54-57.
[53] 石凤瓴, 康英. 不同环境条件下紫花苜蓿种子产量及质量性状的研究. 中国草地, 2000, (3): 34-38.
[54] 张自和. 紫花苜蓿旱区播期选择与灌区稀植化种子生产. 草业科学, 2004, 21(12): 88-89.
[55] 杨青川.苜蓿生产与管理指南[M]. 北京: 中国林业出版社, 2001: 11.
[56] GB/T 2930.9-2001, 牧草种子检验规程[S]. 北京: 中国标准出版社出版, 2001.
[57] 李雪锋, 李卫军. 灌溉对苜蓿种子产量及其构成因子的影响. 新疆农业科学, 2006, 43(1): 21-24.
[58] 李拥军, 闵继淳. 灌水次数, 播种密度对留种紫花苜蓿生长发育和种子产量的影响. 草业学报, 1998, 7(3): 29-33.
[59] 吴素琴, 张自和. 影响苜蓿种子丰产的主要因子研究. 草业科学, 2004, 21(1): 10-14.
[60] 杨俱和, 高继飞. 不同施磷水平对旱作陇东苜蓿种子产量和质量的影响. 种子, 2013, 31(12): 68-71.
[61] 王赟文. 灌溉,施肥,疏枝等对紫花苜蓿种子产量和质量的影响[D]. 北京: 中国农业大学, 2003.
[62] 周刊社, 刘依兰, 王彦荣. 苜蓿种子产量及其构成因素的多样性研究. 分子植物育种, 2009, 7(1): 95-104.
[63] 韩建国, 李敏. 牧草种子生产中的潜在种子产量与实际种子产量. 国外畜牧学: 草原与牧草, 1996, (1): 7-11.
[64] 耿志广. 刈割,施肥等干扰因素对紫花苜蓿种子产量及质量的影响[D]. 兰州: 甘肃农业大学, 2009.