施氮水平对甜高粱硝酸盐含量和氮素利用特性的影

doi:10.11686/cyxb2015411

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 试验采用完全随机区组设计,分别于2009和2010年在华东农区生态条件下进行田间试验,研究不同施氮水平(0,100,200,300,400,500 kg N/hm²)对大力士甜高粱硝酸盐积累,粗蛋白含量和氮素利用特性的影响。结果表明,随着生育期的推进,植株地上部硝酸盐含量不断降低,相比于叶片,茎秆更有利于硝酸盐的积累。随着施氮水平的提高,粗蛋白生产效率(CPPE),氮素干物质生产效率(NDMPE),干物质生产效率(DMPE)和表观回收率(NARR)逐渐下降,说明施氮量越高,氮素利用越低,损失越大。粗蛋白(crude protein,CP)和游离氨基酸(free amino acid,FAA)含量均随施氮量的增加而增加,但FAA的增幅低于CP,施氮量为500 kg N/hm²时,CP的平均增幅为6.11%,FAA的平均增幅为2.99%,说明施氮虽然增加了植株CP含量,但优质蛋白质比例下降。施氮提高了甜高粱硝酸盐含量,施氮量大于400 kg N/hm²时,甜高粱硝酸盐含量大于0.2%,青饲时易导致家畜硝酸盐中毒。综合考虑,大力士甜高粱在华东农区较为适宜的施氮量为200~300 kg N/hm²,既可满足对甜高粱高产优质的需求,提高氮素的利用效率,又可减少氮素流失和对土壤及地下水的污染。

Abstract: A field experiment was conducted to evaluate nitrate accumulation, crude protein (CP) content and nitrogen use efficiency of sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor cv. Hunnigreen) under different nitrogen fertilizer rates (0, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500 kg N/ha) in 2009 and 2010 in eastern China. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with three replicates. Nitrate content of shoot decreased with plant growth and nitrate accumulation was higher in stems than leaves. The crude protein production efficiency (CPPE), nitrogen dry matter production efficiency (NDMPE), dry matter production efficiency (DMPE) and nitrogen apparent recovery rate (NARR) decreased with increasing rate of nitrogen fertilizer, indicating that the higher rates of nitrogen decreased nitrogen use efficiency and increased nitrogen losses. Crude protein (CP) and free amino acid (FAA) content increased with increasing rates of nitrogen. However, the increase of FAA was much less than that of CP. Mean CP content was 6.11%, while FAA content was 2.99% when nitrogen was applied at 500 kg N/ha, indicating that the application N increased the CP content, but decreased the proportion of high quality protein. Nitrate content of sweet sorghum increased with increasing rates of nitrogen, however, it was not above toxic levels, 0.2% of DM (dry matter), until application rates were above 400 kg N/ha. The most appropriate rate of nitrogen for sweet sorghum in eastern China was 200-300 kg N/ha; these rates increased the yield and quality of sweet sorghum, improved nitrogen use efficiency and also reduce nitrogen losses and nitrate contamination in soils and groundwater.

渠晖, 陈俊峰, 程亮, 陆晓燕, 沈益新. 施氮水平对甜高粱硝酸盐含量和氮素利用特性的影[J]. 草业学报, 2016, 25(7): 168-176.

QU Hui, CHEN Jun-Feng, CHENG Liang, LU Xiao-Yan, SHEN Yi-Xin. Effects of nitrogen fertilizer on nitrate accumulation and nitrogen use characteristics in sweet sorghu[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2016, 25(7): 168-176.

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