不同生境下柠条种子出苗及幼苗生长特

doi:10.11686/cyxb2015449

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为了揭示柠条种群实生更新的机制及其影响因素,在宁夏白芨滩自然保护区的人工柠条灌丛群落,设置不同的灌丛(柠条灌丛、沙蒿灌丛和裸露沙地)基部生境、不同坡位(底部、中部和顶部)的沙丘生境和柠条灌丛植株基部不同距离(0.5,1.5 m和丛间沙地)生境,研究了柠条种子在不同生境下的出苗和幼苗生长特征。结果表明,1) 不同生境(柠条灌丛、沙蒿灌丛和裸露沙地)和沙埋处理对柠条种子出苗率和留存率均具有显著影响(P<0.05);在沙蒿灌丛,沙埋种子的早期出苗率显著高于地表种子(P<0.05),且显著高于裸露沙地和柠条灌丛的沙埋种子(P<0.05);种子的出苗率在沙蒿灌丛的沙埋处理最高,但不同生境间、沙埋和非沙埋种子间的差异均未达到显著水平。2) 沙丘底部的种子出苗率显著大于沙丘顶部(P<0.01),试验结束时约为沙丘顶部的20倍;各时期出苗率均在距柠条灌丛基部1.5 m处最大,灌丛间沙地最小,沙丘不同部位生境的出苗率均在7月18日最高,整个试验期间的出苗率和出苗速率在不同生境间均无显著差异。3) 幼苗株高、基径、主根长、根茎比和总干质量均在沙丘底部最大,而根冠比在沙丘顶部最大;距灌丛基部0.5 m处幼苗的株高显著大于1.5 m处幼苗(P<0.05),幼苗主根长、根茎比和根冠比均随距灌丛距离的增大而增大,而总干质量随灌丛距离的增大而减小。

Abstract: The aim of this study was to explore the mechanism of seed emergence and the factors affecting seedling regeneration of Caragana korshinskii. Field surveys and experiments were conducted in the C. korshinskii forest plantation in Baijitan Nature Reserve, Ningxia, China. We conducted field surveys and seed burial experiments in three different base habitats: C. korshinskii shrubs (CKS), Artemisia desertorum shrubs (ADS), and bare sand (BS); and in three different sand dune habitats: bottom (BSD), middle (MSD), and top (TSD). We also evaluated seed emergence and seedling growth at different distances from the base of C. korshinskii shrubs (0.5 m, 1.5 m, and shrub-interspace). The results showed that the habitat (CKS, ADS, and BS) and treatment (sand surface and sand burial) had significant effects on the percentage of seedling emergence (PSE) and survival rate of C. korshinskii seeds (P<0.05). In the ADS habitat, for example, the PSE of buried seeds was significantly higher than that of seeds on the sand surface during the early stage of the survey (P<0.05) and significantly higher than those of buried seeds in both the CKS and BS habitats (P<0.05). The highest PSE was in buried seeds in the ADS habitat, but there was no significant difference in PSE between the other two habitats and between buried seeds and those on the sand surface. The results also showed that the PSE of seeds planted at the BSD was significantly higher than that of seeds planted at the TSD (P<0.01; 20 times higher at the end of the experiment). The maximum and minimum PSE was at 1.5 m from the C. korshinskii shrub base and in the shrub-interspace, respectively, on all survey dates. All three habitats showed the highest PSEs on July 18, but there were no significant differences in PSE and emergence rate (ER) among the three habitats during the whole experiment period. The maximum seedling height, basal stem diameter, taproot length, root∶stem ratio, and total dry mass of seedlings were in BSD, while the maximum root∶shoot ratio was in TSD. Seedlings at 0.5 m from the C. korshinskii shrub base had the greatest seedling height (P<0.05). With increasing distance of seedlings from the C. korshinskii shrub base, the tap root length, root∶stem ratio, and maximum root∶shoot ratio increased, but total dry mass decreased.

孙毅, 闫兴富. 不同生境下柠条种子出苗及幼苗生长特[J]. 草业学报, 2016, 25(7): 186-195.

SUN Yi, YAN Xing-Fu. Seed emergence and growth of Caragana korshinskii in different habitat[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2016, 25(7): 186-195.

参考文献

[1] Bu H Y, Ren Q J, Xu X L, et al . Seed germination characteristics of 54 gramineous species in the alpine meadow on the Eastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2006, 30(4): 624-632.
[2] Wang J H, Ma R J, Chen W. Effects of cold stratification and dry storage at room temperature on seed germination of eight desert species from the Hexi Corridor of China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2012, 36(8): 791-801.
[3] Liu Y J, Liu S Z, Ji Y F, et al . Seed germinative strategy and ecological adaptability of Corispermum patelliforme . Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2010, 30(24): 6910-6918.
[4] Zhang L, Zhang C H, Lv J P, et al . Seed germination characteristics and their correlations with seed sizes of 31 common weeds in eastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2011, 30(10): 2115-2121.
[5] Su Y, Jiao J Y, Wang Z J. Characteristics of seedling survival in habitats of hill and gully slopes in hill-gully Loess Plateau region of northern Shaanxi. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2014, 38(7): 694-709.
[6] Liu H L, Shi X, Wang J C, et al . Effects of sand burial, soil water content and distribution pattern of seeds in sand on seed germination and seedling survival of Eremosparton songoricum (Fabaceae), a rare species inhabiting the moving sand dunes of the Gurbantunggut Desert of China. Plant and Soil, 2011, 345(1): 69-87.
[7] Du Y J, Ma K P. Temporal and spatial variation of seed fall in a broad-leaved evergreen forest in Gutianshan Nature Reserve of Zhejiang Province, China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2012, 36(8): 717-728.
[8] Qu W L, Yang X P, Zhang C T, et al . Shrub mediated “fertile island” effects in arid and semi-arid grassland. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2015, 24(4): 201-207.
[9] Rango A, Tartowshi S L, Laliberte A, et al . Islands of hydrologically enhanced biotic productivity in natural and managed arid ecosystems. Journal of Arid Environments, 2006, 65(2): 235-252.
[10] Zhao H L, Zhou R L, Su Y Z. Shrub facilitation of desert land restoration in the Horqin Sand Land of Inner Mongolia. Ecological Engineering, 2007, 31(1): 1-8.
[11] Zhang P J, Yang J, Song B Y, et al . Spatial heterogeneity of soil resources of Caragana tibetica community. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2009, 33(2): 338-346.
[12] Zhang P J, Yang J, Zhao L Q. Ecological adaptability of Caragana tibetica individuals in the Ordos plateau. Arid Zone Research, 2011, 28(5): 839-848.
[13] Gao H, Gao Y B, Liu H Y, et al . Characteristics of Stipa grandis growth and reproductive biomass allocation at different hill position of Xilingol grassland, Inner Mongolia. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2009, 20(9): 2123-2128.
[14] Peng H Y, Li X Y, Tong S Y. Effects of shrub ( Caragana microphalla Lam.) encroachment on water redistribution and utilization in the typical steppe of Inner Mongolia. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2014, 34(9): 2256-2265.
[15] Zheng M Q, Zheng Y R, Jiang L H. Effects of one-time water supply and sand burial on seed germination and seedling emergence of four popular psammophyte in Mu Us sandy land. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2006, 26(8): 2474-2484.
[16] Yan X F, Zhou L B, Si B B, et al . Stress effects of simulated drought by polyethylene glycol on the germination of Caragana korshinskii Kom. seeds under different temperature conditions. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2016, 36(7): 1989-1996.
[17] Zhao X Y, Ren J Z. Influence of seed predation on regeneration of three Caranaga species. Biodiversity Science, 2005, 13(6): 514-519.
[18] Yang H L, Liang Z L, Zhu X W, et al . Effects of sand burial and seed size on seed germination, seedling emergence and growth of Caragana korshinskii Kom. (Fabaceae). Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2012, 32(24): 7757-7763.
[19] Luo Y Y, Li Q F, Jin H. Survey of seed pest harm on Caragana and its influence on seed quality in Inner Mongolia. Research of Soil and Water Conservation, 2006, 13(4): 25-29.
[20] Zhang D Z, He D H. Responses of Caragana seed pests to host plant patch quality and patch pattern in desert regions of Ningxia, Northwest China. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2011, 22(7): 1871-1877.
[21] Nie C L, Zheng Y R. Effects of water supply and sand burial on seed germination and seedling emergence of four dominant psammophytes in the Ordos plateau. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2005, 29(1): 32-41.
[22] Yan X F, Liu J L, Bei Z L, et al . Characteristics of seed germination and seedling growth of Caragana korshinskii under different light intensities. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2015, 34(4): 912-918.
[23] Wang M B, Xun J J, Chen J W, et al . The net growth rate of fine roots of Caragana korshinskii seedlings in the Loess Plateau region, Northwest Shanxi. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2010, 30(5): 1117-1124.
[24] Zhang F, Chen J W, Wang M B. The spatial distribution and seasonal dynamics of fine roots in a young Caragana korshinskii plantation. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2012, 32(17): 5484-5493.
[25] Bao C H, Zhang W H, He J F. Dynamics of artificial Caragana korshinskii population planted for thirty years in hilly region of Loess plateau. Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica, 2010, 30(8): 1681-1688.
[26] Song C S, Wang Y D. Scientific Survey of Ningxia Baijitan Naturae[M]. Beijing: Chinese Forestry Press, 1999.
[27] Rozema J. The influence of salinity, inundation and temperature on germination of some halophytes and non-halophytes. Oecologia Plantarum, 1975, 10: 341-353.
[28] Liu C Z. Protection of Grassland[M]. Beijing: China Agricultural University Press, 2009: 368-397.
[29] Zhu Y J, Yang X J, Baskin C C, et al . Effects of amount and frequency of precipitation and sand on seed germination, seedling emergence and survival of the grass Leymus secalinus in semiarid China. Plant and Soil, 2014, 374(1): 399-409.
[30] Zheng Y R, Xie Z X, Gao Y, et al . Germination responses of Caragana korshinskii Kom. to light, temperature and water stress. Ecological Research, 2004, 19(5): 553-558.
[31] Zhu Y L, Wang S, Lin Y G, et al . Development of Caragana microphylla seedling root system in hilly regions of Loess plateau. Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation, 2011, 31(2): 232-237.
[32] Zhang M, Zhu J J, Li M C, et al . Different light acclimation strategies of two coexisting tree species seedlings in a temperature secondary forest along five natural light levels. Forest Ecology and Management, 2013, 306(15): 234-242.
[33] Tian Y, Ta Xi P L T, Li Y, et al . The survival and above/below ground growth of Haloxylon ammodendron seedling. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2014, 34(8): 2012-2019.
[34] Jin J Y, Zhang W H, Yuan L. Physiological responses of three forages to drought stress and evaluation of their drought resistance. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2015, 24(10): 157-165.
[35] Hamerlynck E P, Huxman T E. Ecophysiology of two Sonoran Desert evergreen shrubs during extreme drought. Journal of Arid Environments, 2009, 73(4-5): 582-585.
[1] 卜海燕, 任青吉, 徐秀丽, 等. 青藏高原东部高寒草甸54种禾本科植物种子的萌发特性. 植物生态学报, 2006, 30(4): 624-632.
[2] 王桔红, 马瑞君, 陈文. 湿冷层积和室温干燥贮藏对河西走廊8种荒漠植物种子休眠水平的影响. 植物生态学报, 2012, 36(8): 791-801.
[3] 刘有军, 刘世增, 纪永福, 等. 碟果虫实种子萌发对策及生态适应性. 生态学报, 2010, 30(24): 6910-6918.
[4] 张蕾, 张春辉, 吕俊平, 等. 青藏高原东缘 31 种常见杂草种子萌发特性及其与种子大小的关系. 生态学杂志, 2011, 30(10): 2115-2121.
[5] 苏嫄, 焦菊英, 王志杰. 陕北黄土丘陵沟壑区坡沟立地环境下幼苗的存活特征. 植物生态学报, 2014, 38(7): 694-709.
[7] 杜彦君, 马克平. 浙江古田山自然保护区常绿阔叶林种子雨的时空变异. 植物生态学报, 2012, 36(8): 717-728.
[8] 瞿王龙, 杨小鹏, 张存涛, 等. 干旱、半干旱地区天然草原灌木及其肥岛效应研究进展. 草业学报, 2015, 24(4): 201-207.
[11] 张璞进, 杨劼, 宋炳煜, 等. 藏锦鸡儿群落土壤资源空间异质性. 植物生态学报, 2009, 33(2): 338-346.
[12] 张璞进, 杨劼, 赵利清. 鄂尔多斯高原藏锦鸡儿( Caragana tibetica )个体层次对干旱的生态适应性. 干旱区研究, 2011, 28(5): 839-848.
[13] 高慧, 高玉葆, 刘海英, 等. 不同坡位大针茅生长与生殖分配特征. 应用生态学报, 2009, 20(9): 2123-2128.
[14] 彭海英, 李小雁, 童绍玉. 内蒙古典型草原小叶锦鸡儿灌丛化对水分再分配和利用的影响. 生态学报, 2014, 34(9): 2256-2265.
[15] 郑明清, 郑元润, 姜联合. 毛乌素沙地4种沙生植物种子萌发及出苗对沙埋及单次供水的响应. 生态学报, 2006, 26(8): 2474-2484.
[16] 闫兴富, 周立彪, 思彬彬, 等. 不同温度下PEG-6000模拟干旱对柠条锦鸡儿种子萌发的胁迫效应. 生态学报, 2016, 36(7): 1989-1996.
[17] 赵晓英, 任继周. 食种子动物对三种锦鸡儿属植物繁殖更新的影响. 生物多样性, 2005, 13(6): 514-519.
[18] 杨慧玲, 梁振雷, 朱选伟, 等. 沙埋和种子大小对柠条锦鸡儿种子萌发、出苗和幼苗生长的影响. 生态学报, 2012, 32(24): 7757-7763.
[19] 罗于洋, 李青丰, 金花. 内蒙古自治区柠条种子害虫为害情况及其对柠条种子质量的影响. 水土保持研究, 2006, 13(4): 25-29.
[20] 张大治, 贺达汉. 荒漠地区柠条种实害虫对寄主斑块质量与格局的反应. 应用生态学报, 2011, 22(7): 1871-1877.
[21] 聂春雷, 郑元润. 鄂尔多斯高原4种主要沙生植物种子萌发与出苗对水分和沙埋的响应. 植物生态学报, 2005, 29(1): 32-41.
[22] 闫兴富, 刘建利, 贝盏临, 等. 不同光强条件下柠条锦鸡儿的种子萌发和幼苗生长特征. 生态学杂志, 2015, 34(4): 912-918.
[23] 王孟本, 荀俊杰, 陈建文, 等. 晋西北黄土区幼龄柠条细根的净生长速率. 生态学报, 2010, 30(5): 1117-1124.
[24] 张帆, 陈建文, 王孟本. 幼龄柠条细根的空间分布和季节动态. 生态学报, 2012, 32(17): 5484-5493.
[25] 保长虎, 张文辉, 何景峰. 黄土高原丘陵沟壑区30年柠条人工种群动态研究. 西北植物学报, 2010, 30(8): 1681-1688.
[26] 宋朝枢, 王有德. 宁夏白芨滩自然保护区科学考察集[M]. 北京: 中国林业出版社, 1999.
[28] 刘长仲. 草地保护学[M]. 北京: 中国农业大学出版社, 2009: 368-397.
[31] 朱元龙, 王桑, 林永刚, 等. 黄土高原丘陵区柠条根系生长发育特性研究. 水土保持通报, 2011, 31(2): 232-237.
[33] 田媛, 塔西甫拉提·特依拜, 李彦, 等. 梭梭幼苗的存活与地上地下生长的关系. 生态学报, 2014, 34(8): 2012-2019.
[34] 靳军英, 张卫华, 袁玲. 三种牧草对干旱胁迫的生理响应及抗旱性评价. 草业学报, 2015, 24(10): 157-165.