高原鼢鼠造丘活动对高寒草地土壤养分空间异质性的影

doi:10.11686/cyxb2015560

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 高原鼢鼠的造丘活动影响草地土壤营养循环、土壤结构和土壤微生物活动,造成草地土壤养分空间异质性。然而,有关不同形成时间的“圆锥状”鼠丘土壤养分在垂直和斜边方向变化规律研究较少。基于此,本研究以1,3及5年以上鼠丘为研究对象,探索土壤养分在鼠丘垂直和斜边方向变化趋势。结果表明,5年以上鼠丘土壤的全氮、速效氮、速效磷和有机质随鼠丘顶点到鼠丘底部垂直高度的增加而快速降低,而1和3年鼠丘呈缓慢降低的变化。其中,1和3年鼠丘顶点到鼠丘底部0~10 cm土层的全氮、全磷、速效磷和有机质含量显著低于未出现鼠丘区域0~10 cm土层的全氮、全磷、速效磷和有机质含量(P<0.05);1和3年鼠丘全氮、速效氮、全磷和有机质含量从鼠丘顶点沿斜边方向距离的增加而增加,而5年以上鼠丘的全氮、速效氮、全磷和有机质含量从鼠丘顶点沿斜边方向距离的增加而降低;5年以上鼠丘顶点土壤全氮、全磷、速效磷和有机质含量显著高于1和3年鼠丘顶点土壤的全氮、全磷、速效磷和有机质含量(P<0.05),而1年鼠丘从鼠丘顶点沿斜边方向30 cm处土壤全氮、速效氮、全磷和有机质含量显著高于3年和5年以上鼠丘从鼠丘顶点沿斜边方向30 cm处土壤全氮、速效氮、全磷和有机质含量(P<0.05),1,3年鼠丘边缘(不同形成时间鼠丘对照区)全氮、全磷和有机质含量高于鼠丘斜边方向各点土壤全氮、全磷和有机质含量。由此可见,鼠丘“圆锥状”几何构造造成鼠丘表面温度和雨水径流出现差异,影响土壤矿质化进程,导致鼠丘顶部和基部养分异质性,在鼠丘边缘形成养分富集地带,从而出现鼠丘边缘植被生长旺盛的现象。

Abstract: Burrowing activity of Myospalax baileyi influences nutrient cycling, soil texture and soil microbial activity of grasslands, and has an effect on the spatial heterogeneity of soil nutrients. However, there is limited information about the soil nutrient distribution vertically within or across the sloping surface of the coniform-shaped mounds formed due to the burrowing activity of Myospalax baileyi. In this experiment, mounds of differing age (1 year, 3 years and 5 years old) were selected for study in an alpine grassland located in Qinghai Province. Samples were collected from 0-10, 10-20 and 20-30 cm soil depth at the summit of each mound, and for 0-10 cm soil depth at 10 cm intervals across the sloping surface from summit to base. Samples for 0-10 cm soil depth were also collected 10 cm away from the base of the mounds (controls). Soil nutrient contents, including total nitrogen (TN), available nitrogen (AN), total phosphorus (TP), available phosphorus (AP) and organic matter (OM), were determined for all samples. In younger mounds soil nutrient status differed little with vertical depth below the summit of the mound, but in 5-year-old mounds and especially for control samples collected 10 cm from mounds, soil nutrient levels were high in the surface layer and low in the 20-30 cm layer compared to the younger mounds. Soil nutrient levels generally increased from summit to base in the surface layer of younger mounds, and were higher still at 10 cm distance from mound bases. However, 5-year-old mounds generally had higher soil nutrient levels at the summit and lower levels at the base than younger mounds, and therefore exhibited an opposite trend of decreasing nutrient levels from summit to base. This research further confirmed the existence of soil nutrient spatial heterogeneity caused by the burrowing activity of Myospalax baileyi, and also showed that mounds of differing age differ in their soil nutrient spatial heterogeneities. The results of this study will aid understanding of the plant diversity, cover and species distribution patterns in the grasslands.

鲍根生, 王宏生, 王玉琴, 曾辉, 马戈亮, 洛藏昂毛. 高原鼢鼠造丘活动对高寒草地土壤养分空间异质性的影[J]. 草业学报, 2016, 25(7): 95-104.

BAO Gen-Sheng, WANG Hong-Sheng, WANG Yu-Qin, ZENG Hui, MA Ge-Liang, LUO Zang-Ang-Mao. Effects of plateau zokor burrowing activity on soil nutrient spatial heterogeneity in alpine grassland[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2016, 25(7): 95-104.

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