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草业学报 ›› 2017, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (9): 200-207.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2016476

• 研究简报 • 上一篇    下一篇

海拔梯度对藏北高寒草地生产力和物种多样性的影响

栗文瀚1,2, 干珠扎布1,2, 曹旭娟1,2, 闫玉龙3, 李钰4, 罗文蓉1,2, 胡国铮1,2,*, 旦久罗布5, 何世丞5, 高清竹1,2   

  1. 1.中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所, 北京 100081;
    2.农业部农业环境与气候变化重点实验室, 北京 100081;
    3.内蒙古大学生命科学学院, 内蒙古 呼和浩特 010021;
    4.北京师范大学环境学院, 北京 100875;
    5.西藏自治区那曲地区草原站, 西藏 那曲 852100
  • 收稿日期:2016-12-09 修回日期:2017-03-22 出版日期:2017-09-20 发布日期:2017-09-20
  • 通讯作者: *通信作者Corresponding author. E-mail: huguozheng@caas.cn
  • 作者简介:栗文瀚(1993-),男,山东泰安人,硕士。E-mail: liwenhancaas@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划课题(2016YFC0502003),国家自然科学基金项目(31570484),中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金(20290-2017)和西藏那曲地区与中国农业科学院合作项目资助

Effects of altitude on plant productivity and species diversity in alpine meadows of northern Tibet

LI Wen-Han1,2, Ganjurjav H1,2, CAO Xu-Juan1,2, YAN Yu-Long3, LI Yu4, LUO Wen-Rong1,2, HU Guo-Zheng1,2,*, DANJIU Luobu5, HE Shi-Cheng5, GAO Qing-Zhu1,2   

  1. 1.Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing 100081, China;
    2.Key Laboratory for Agro-Environment & Climate Change, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China;
    3.School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China;
    4.School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China;
    5.Naqu Grassland Station, Tibet Autonomous Region, Naqu 852100, China
  • Received:2016-12-09 Revised:2017-03-22 Online:2017-09-20 Published:2017-09-20

摘要: 草地群落物种多样性和生产力在海拔梯度的变化规律及其关系, 以及不同功能群的变化一直是热点问题, 目前尚未得出一般性规律。本研究通过藏北地区那曲县日参波山样线的高寒草地样方调查实验, 分析各海拔梯度(4485~4635 m)植物群落生产力、结构和物种多样性的变化。结果表明, 随着海拔升高, 高寒草地植物群落生产力先增加后降低, 并在海拔4535~4585 m左右达到最佳;莎草类在群落由相对优势变为绝对优势, 禾草类和杂草类的重要值以不同幅度下降, 豆科类的重要值先上升后下降;物种丰富度、Shannon-Weiner 多样性指数、Simpson多样性指数和E.Pielou均匀度指数均呈现“单峰”型格局, 物种多样性指数与地上生物量呈正相关关系, 但只能作为部分解释地上生物量变化的因素。

Abstract: Changes in the species diversity and productivity of grass communities along altitudinal gradients and the relationship between diversity and productivity are important issues in ecology, and can explain variations among functional groups. The aim of this study was to determine the variations in the species diversity and productivity, and the factors affecting them, in the alpine meadow ecosystem. Field surveys of alpine meadows were conducted at four different altitudes (around 4485, 4535, 4585, 4635 m) in northern Tibet. Plant biomass and species composition were determined, and diversity indexes were calculated from the data. The productivity increased then decreased with rising altitude, and the highest productivity was around 4535-4585 m. In terms of functional groups, sedges moved from a comparative advantage to an absolute advantage as the altitude increased, while forbs and grasses became less important at different rates. Legumes became more important and then less important as the altitude increased. The species richness, Simpson index, Shannon-Wiener index, and Pielou evenness index were significantly higher at middle altitudes than at higher and lower altitudes (P>0.05), leading to a hump-shaped curve in plots of species richness vs. altitude and diversity vs. altitude. There were positive correlations between biomass and the Shannon-Wiener index and between biomass and the Simpson index (P<0.05), but not between biomass and the Pielou evenness index or biomass and the importance of functional groups (P>0.05). These findings indicate that the productivity and diversity of alpine meadows in northern Tibet are strongly influenced by altitude, which is related to variations in many environmental factors. This information will be useful for developing strategies to manage and preserve this important ecosystem.