遮阴和干旱对荩草光合特性影响的协同作用

doi:10.11686/cyxb2016506

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为明确遮阴和干旱协同处理对荩草光合作用的影响,揭示荩草对遮阴和干旱胁迫的抗逆潜力和生态学特点。以具有边坡草坪开发价值的野生荩草为材料,设置5个遮阴梯度和4个干旱梯度交互形成的20个协同处理,对其进行叶生物量分配比、光合色素含量、光响应能力及光合参数的测定。结果表明,荩草叶面积、叶数、叶生物量和叶分配比均显著受遮阴、干旱、遮阴和干旱协同作用的影响(P<0.05),遮阴和干旱对叶面积、生物量和分配比有极显著协同作用(P<0.01),作用大小为分配比>叶数>叶面积>叶生物量;荩草的Chla、Chlb和Chla+b含量及Chla/b显著受遮阴、干旱、遮阴和干旱协同作用影响(P<0.05),Chlb比Chla易受生境影响,遮阴是影响叶绿素含量和比例的主要因子,干旱次之,遮阴和干旱对Chlb和Chla+b含量及Chla/b有显著协同作用(P<0.05);荩草光响应能力极显著的受遮阴、干旱、遮阴和干旱协同作用的影响(P<0.01),遮阴和干旱对光饱和点(LSP)、光补偿点(LCP)和最大净光合速率(P_nmax)有显著的协同作用(P<0.05),作用大小为P_nmax>LSP>LCP;荩草的光合速率(P_n)、蒸腾速率(T_r)、胞间CO₂浓度(C_i)、气孔导度(G_s)均显著受遮阴、干旱、遮阴和干旱协同作用影响(P<0.05),遮阴和干旱对光合参数有极显著协同作用(P<0.01),遮阴主要影响P_n,干旱主要影响G_s、C_i 和T_r,协同作用对T_r的影响最大,≤30%遮阴可缓解干旱引起的P_n、T_r、C_i、G_s下降程度,>30%遮阴则加重了下降趋势。遮阴和干旱协同作用比遮阴或干旱单一胁迫,提高了荩草光合叶面积和叶绿素含量,改变了光响应能力和光合参数,可提升荩草的抗逆潜力和生态适应范围。

Abstract: The objective of this study was to clarify the synergistic effects of shade and drought on the photosynthetic characteristics of Arthraxon hispidus and to explore the resistance and ecological characteristics of this plant under shade and drought stress. Wild A. hispidus, a plant with potential use in sloping lawn development, was subjected to different 20 treatments, combining five shading intensities (0, 10%, 30%, 50%, 70%) and four drought intensities; sufficient moisture (W₀), mild drought (W₁), moderate drought (W₂), and severe drought (W₃). After 36 days of treatment, the leaf biomass allocation ratio, photosynthetic pigment content, light response ability, and photosynthetic parameters were determined. The extent of shade and drought and the synergy between shade and drought significantly affected the area, number, biomass, and allocation ratio of A. hispidus leaves (P<0.05). Shade and drought had a strong synergistic effect on leaf area, number, biomass, and biomass allocation ratio (P<0.01), with the strongest effect on the allocation ratio, followed by leaf number, leaf area, and then leaf biomass. Shade, drought, and the synergy between shade and drought also significantly affected the contents of chlorophyll a (Chla), chlorophyll b (Chlb), Chla+b, and Chla/b (P<0.05). The Chlb content was more sensitive to habitat than was Chla content. Compared with drought, shade had stronger effects on chlorophyll content and photosynthetic rate. Shade and drought had significant synergistic effects on Chlb, Chla+b, and Chla/b (P<0.05). Shade, drought, and the synergy between shade and drought had highly significant effects on the light response capability (P<0.01). Shade and drought had significant synergistic effects on the light saturation point (LSP), light compensation point (LCP), and maximum net photosynthetic rate (P_nmax), with the strongest effect on P_n max followed by LSP and then LCP. Shade, drought, and the synergy between shade and drought significantly affected the photosynthetic rate (P_n), transpiration rate (T_r), intercellular CO₂ concentration (C_i), and stomatal velocity (G_s) (P<0.05). Shade and drought had a strong and significant synergistic effect on photosynthetic parameters (P<0.01). Shade mainly affected P_n, drought main affected G_s, C_i, and T_r, and their synergy mainly affected T_r. Shade of 30% or less reduced the size of the decrease in P_n, T_r, C_i, and G_s caused by drought, but shade of more than 30% exacerbated these decreases. Compared to each single stress, the synergistic effect of shade and drought increased the photosynthetic leaf area and chlorophyll content and altered the light response ability and photosynthetic parameters of A. hispidus. These changes contributed to the stress resistance and ecological adaptation of A. hispidus.

谢瑞娟, 张小晶, 刘金平, 游明鸿, 伍德. 遮阴和干旱对荩草光合特性影响的协同作用[J]. 草业学报, 2017, 26(10): 64-76.

XIE Rui-Juan, ZHANG Xiao-Jing, LIU Jin-Ping, YOU Ming-Hong, WU De. Synergistic effects of shade and drought on the photosynthetic characteristics of Arthraxon hispidus[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2017, 26(10): 64-76.

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