氮磷配施对玉米-大豆套作模式下种间作用、玉米产量及干物质积累与转运的影响

doi:10.11686/cyxb2016510

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 以盆栽和田间小区试验结合的方法,通过设置根系分隔与不分隔方式及不同供氮(0、120、180、240 kg/hm²,记为N₀、N₁₂₀、N₁₈₀、N₂₄₀)、供磷水平(0、35、70、105 kg/hm²,记为P₀、P₃₅、P₇₀、P₁₀₅),探究在玉米-大豆套作模式下氮磷配施对种间作用、玉米产量及干物质积累与转运的影响。结果表明,1)氮磷互作效应对带状套作系统的种间促进作用显著,配施可缓解玉米与大豆的种间竞争作用,提高套作系统土地当量比率、种间竞争力和营养竞争比率,促进玉米对氮、磷素的吸收,表现出显著的套作产量优势和资源利用优势(LER>1),且优势效应高于单施氮、磷肥。2)氮磷互作对玉米各生育期干物质积累量的影响呈峰形变化趋势,中氮中磷(N₁₈₀P₇₀)处理可显著降低花前干物质的积累量,增加成熟期干物质积累总量,促进花后干物质积累向籽粒转运,提高玉米收获指数。3)种间作用和氮磷互作可显著影响玉米产量,提高套作玉米有效穗和穗粒数,两种植模式中无论施肥与否,在套作条件下玉米的产量均高于净作,且在N₁₈₀P₇₀处理时玉米产量达到最大值,套作较净作增产幅度达1.65%~20.43%。本研究结果表明,套作模式下玉米氮磷配施以施氮180 kg/hm²、施磷70 kg/hm²时,种间促进作用显著,可改善其穗部性状,有利于成熟期干物质的积累和向籽粒的转运,最终获得较高的产量。

Abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of nitrogen and phosphorus application on maize in a maize-soybean relay intercropping system. A pot experiment was conducted in 2013 and 2014, and interspecies interactions, dry matter production and accumulation, and grain yield were assessed. The experiment consisted of four nitrogen levels [N₀ (0), N₁₂₀ (120 kg/ha), N₁₈₀ (180 kg/ha), N₂₄₀ (240 kg/ha)] and four phosphorus levels [P₀ (0), P₃₅ (35 kg/ha), P₇₀ (70 kg/ha), P₁₀₅ (105 kg/ha)]. Furthermore, to evaluate the root interaction between maize and soybean, the two plants were grown with or without a root barrier between them. The main findings were as follows: 1) The interaction between N and P significantly affected the inter-specific interaction of maize and soybean in the relay intercropping system, reduced inter-specific competition between maize and soybean, increased the land equivalent ratio, increased the aggressiveness and nutrition competition ratio, and increased the uptake of N and P. The interaction between N and P significantly increased the yield and resource utilization (land equivalent ratio>1). The interactive effect of N and P was more prominent than the effect of N or P alone in the intercropping system. 2) The effects of the N×P interaction on dry matter accumulation in each growing period of maize increased with increasing N and P application rates up to N₁₈₀ (180 kg/ha) and P₇₀ (70 kg/ha), and then decreased when N and P application rates were N₂₄₀ (240 kg/ha) and P₁₀₅ (105 kg/ha). The treatment of N₁₈₀ (180 kg/ha) and P₇₀ (70 kg/ha) significantly decreased maize dry matter accumulation before maturity, but promoted dry matter accumulation and translocation to the grain, and improved the harvest index of maize. 3) Inter-specific interactions and interactive effects of N and P were significant, and increased the yield by increasing the number of kernels per ear and the number of ears per maize plant. Among all the N and P fertilizer levels, N₁₈₀ (180 kg/ha) and P₇₀ (70 kg/ha) considerably improved the maize yield from 1.65% to 20.43% in the relay intercropping system, compared with sole cropping. On the basis of these results, we recommend nitrogen and phosphorus applications at the rates of N₁₈₀ (180 kg/ha) and P₇₀ (70 kg/ha) to substantially improve ear traits, increase dry matter translocation to the grain at maturity, and achieve the maximum yield of maize in a maize-soybean relay intercropping system.

曾瑾汐, 文熙宸, MuhammadAliRaza, 陈国鹏, 陈诚, 彭霄, 马艳玮, 李丽, 官思成, 杨文钰, 王小春. 氮磷配施对玉米-大豆套作模式下种间作用、玉米产量及干物质积累与转运的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2017, 26(7): 166-176.

ZENG Jin-Xi, WEN Xi-Chen, Muhammad Ali Raza, CHEN Guo-Peng, CHEN Cheng, PENG Xiao, MA Yan-Wei, LI Li, GUAN Si-Cheng, YANG Wen-Yu, WANG Xiao-Chun. Effects of combined applications of nitrogen and phosphorus on interspecies interaction, yield, and dry matter accumulation and translocation in maize in a maize-soybean relay intercropping system[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2017, 26(7): 166-176.

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