猪粪有机肥施用下两种生态型粗齿冷水花磷积累特征变化

doi:10.11686/cyxb2017044

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 猪粪的不合理施用导致土壤中磷素大量积累,引起一系列环境问题。研究磷富集植物在猪粪条件下的磷积累变化特征,可以为提取土壤中过量的磷提供理论依据。以矿山生态型粗齿冷水花为研究对象,非矿山生态型为对照,设置猪粪有机肥用量为50 g/kg,开展土培盆栽试验。结果表明:1)猪粪有机肥施用下,两种生态型粗齿冷水花地上部和整株生物量随生长时期的延长均在13周最高,且矿山生态型显著高于非矿山生态型(P<0.05),分别为非矿山生态型的1.43~2.26倍和1.41~2.20倍。2)粗齿冷水花地上部和整株阶段性磷积累速率均在9~11周最大。矿山生态型粗齿冷水花地上部和整株磷积累量均显著高于非矿山生态型(P<0.05),13周时其地上部和整株磷积累量分别达105.21和119.50 mg/株。3)猪粪有机肥的施用提高了土壤有效磷含量、酸性磷酸酶和植酸酶活性。随生长时期的延长,粗齿冷水花根际酸性磷酸酶和植酸酶活性均在11周最高,矿山生态型根际植酸酶活性显著高于非矿山生态型。猪粪有机肥施用下,矿山生态型粗齿冷水花生长状况和磷积累能力均强于非矿山生态型,其根际较高的酸性磷酸酶和植酸酶活性提高了土壤中磷素的生物有效性,促进了矿山生态型对磷的吸收积累。

Abstract: Phosphorus (P) accumulation in soil due to excessive use of swine manure causes a series of environmental problems. In order to provide a sound basis for attempts to remove excess P, a study has been undertaken of its accumulation characteristics in two ecotypes of Pilea sinofasciata. A mining ecotype (ME) and a non-mining ecotype (NME) were grown in soils amended with 50 g/kg swine manure. The results were as follows. 1) The biomass of the shoot and whole plant increased during the growth periods recorded, reaching maximum values at the 13th week. The ME shoot and whole plant biomass were 1.43-2.26 and 1.41-2.20 times higher than that of NME respectively (P<0.05). 2) The P accumulation rate of the shoot and whole plant in the two ecotypes reached their maximum values at the 9th-11th week. The P accumulation in ME shoot and whole plant were significantly higher than that of NME (P<0.05), and up to 105.21 and 119.50 mg/plant at the 13th week respectively. 3) Soil available P and the activities of acid phosphatase and phytase increased with the application of swine manure. The acid phosphatase and phytase activities in the rhizosphere soils of the two ecotypes reached their maximum values at the 11th week. The phytase activities in the ME rhizosphere soils were significantly higher than those of NME. These results demonstrate that the ME presented better growth and greater P accumulation when grown in soils amended with swine manure. The greater rhizosphere acid phosphatase and phytase activities in the ME rhizosphere soils contributed significantly to the availability of soil P, thus promoting P accumulation in P. sinofasciata.

陈静, 黄有胜, 李廷轩. 猪粪有机肥施用下两种生态型粗齿冷水花磷积累特征变化[J]. 草业学报, 2017, 26(11): 139-146.

CHEN Jing, HUANG You-Sheng, LI Ting-Xuan. Phosphorous accumulation characteristics of two ecotypes of Pilea sinofasciata grown in soils amended with swine manure[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2017, 26(11): 139-146.

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