西北灌区薯/豆连续套作对系统产量及土壤肥力的影响

doi:10.11686/cyxb2017162

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 探求马铃薯/大豆连续套作下复合群体产量优势,为实现持续高产的生产目标提供理论和技术依据。2011-2014年,在西北沿黄灌区会宁县郭城镇,选用马铃薯品种克新4号和大豆品种冀豆17作为试验材料,设置马铃薯连作(PM)、大豆连作(SM)、薯-豆轮作(P-S)、薯/豆套作连作(IC)和薯/豆套作轮作(IR)5种种植方式开展大田定位试验,研究不同种植模式连续种植4年对系统产量及产量构成的影响,分析系统生产力及土壤肥力的变化特点,进而揭示薯/豆套作系统的生产价值。结果表明, 1)薯/豆套作具有明显的产量优势,4年间,IC和IR系统产量与连作相比,分别提高了28.54%~254.07%和39.39%~283.98%,与轮作相比,分别提高了57.51%和70.81%。2011和2012年,IC与IR系统产量间差异不显著,但IC和IR与PM、SM、P-S处理间系统产量差异达到显著水平(P<0.05),2013和2014年IR系统产量均最高,分别达到9912.79和9589.90 kg/hm²,较IC处理分别提高了15.38%和8.45%,且与其他处理间均差异达到显著水平(P<0.05)。2)不同种植模式在年际间变化显著,对于PM,2012年(连作1年)与2011年(正茬)产量差异不显著,而2013年(连作2年)和2014年(连作3年)产量较2011年分别下降了22.07%和42.11%;SM和IC变化趋势与PM表现一致,连作2年后,降幅分别为31.15%~53.60%和13.91%~24.17%;对于P-S和IR而言,年际间系统产量无显著变化。3)不同种植模式对耕层土壤肥力性质指标的影响程度是:有效磷>碱解氮>全氮>全磷>速效钾>有机质>全钾>pH。较PM、SM和P-M,IC和IR连续套作4年,耕层土壤全氮、全磷、全钾、碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾呈下降趋势,尤其是有效磷和速效钾,下降幅度分别达到26.24%~42.87%和18.48%~30.22%。马铃薯和大豆连作2年后产量显著下降,薯/豆连续套作4年(IC或IR),相对于连作或轮作具有明显的生产力优势,尤其是薯/豆套作轮作模式,基于养分吸收量的增加和养分利用效率的提高,连续4年系统产量相对稳定。

Abstract: The objective of this work was to explore the mechanisms for the yield advantage of a potato/soybean continuous intercropping system. Potato, variety Kexin 4 and soybean, variety Jidou 12 were used in a long-term field experiment undertaken from 2011 to 2014 in Guochen, Huining County, Gansu Province in the Northwest irrigation district. The treatments included potato monocropping (PM), soybean monocropping (SM), potato-soybean rotational system (P-S), potato/soybean continues intercropping (IC) and potato/soybean rotational intercropping (IR). The influences of different cultivation systems on crop yields and soil fertility were analyzed. Continuous intercropping systems produced higher yields; IC and IR treatments enhanced yield by 28.5%-254.1% and 39.4%-284.0% compared with PM and SM, respectively and by 57.5% to 70.8% compared with P-S. There was no difference in yield between IC and IR in 2011 and 2012 but in 2013 and 2014 IR yield was significantly higher than those of PM, SM, IC and P-S, achieving 9913 kg/ha and 9590 kg/ha, respectively. Cultivation system influenced yield over time. For PM, yield was stable after 1 year but declined significantly by 22.1% and 42.1% after two and three years of continuous cropping, respectively. The SM and IC treatments significantly reduced yields by 31.2%-53.6% and 13.9%-24.2% after two years, respectively. The P-M and IR treatments did not influence yield over the four years of the study. Topsoil fertility was improved to some extent by different cultivation systems; Olsen P>available N>total N>total P>available K>organic carbon>total K>pH. Topsoil fertility in the IC and IR treatments decline after four years of continuous cropping compared with PM, SM and P-S; Olsen P and available K decreased by 26.2%-42.9% and 18.5%-30.2%, respectively. The results of this study showed that potato/soybean intercropping systems (IC or IR) produced better yields after four years of continuous cropping compared with monocropping and rotational cropping with the potato/soybean rotational intercropping system clearly superior.

陈光荣, 王立明, 杨如萍, 董博, 张国宏, 杨桂芳. 西北灌区薯/豆连续套作对系统产量及土壤肥力的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2017, 26(10): 46-55.

CHEN Guang-Rong, WANG Li-Ming, YANG Ru-Ping, DONG Bo, ZHANG Guo-Hong, YANG Gui-Fang. Crop yield and soil fertility affected by continuous potato/soybean intercropping systems along the Yellow River[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2017, 26(10): 46-55.

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