全膜双垄沟播玉米土壤含水率和温度及杂草去除效应

doi:10.11686/cyxb2017173

草业学报 ›› 2017, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (11): 176-184.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2017173

全膜双垄沟播玉米土壤含水率和温度及杂草去除效应

漆永红¹, 岳德成^1,2,*, 曹素芳³, 李敏权^4,*

1.甘肃省农业科学院植物保护研究所,甘肃兰州 730070;
2.甘肃省平凉市农业科学研究院,甘肃平凉 744000;
3.甘肃省农业科学院林果花卉研究所,甘肃兰州 730070;
4.甘肃省农业科学院,甘肃兰州 730070

收稿日期:2017-04-06 修回日期:2017-06-14 出版日期:2017-11-20 发布日期:2017-11-20
通讯作者: *E-mail: liminquan@gsagr.ac.cn, ydc_196206138@163.com
作者简介:漆永红(1978-),男,甘肃天水人,助理研究员,在读博士。E-mail: qiyonghong920@gsagr.ac.cn
基金资助:
国家公益性行业专项(201503112),甘肃省科技支撑计划项目(1011NKCA065),甘肃省农业科技创新专项(2014GAAS23),甘肃省农业科学院院地科技合作项目(2015GAAS07)和平凉市农业科学院科技计划项目“除草地膜在全膜双垄沟播玉米田应用研究”(2014018)资助

Soil moisture, soil temperature, weed control and yield effects of double ridge plasticfilm mulching in maize production

QI Yong-Hong¹, YUE De-Cheng^1,2,*, CAO Su-Fang³, LI Min-Quan^4,*

1.Institute of Plant Protection, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730070, China;
2.Institute of Pingliang Academy Agricultural Sciences, Pingliang 744000, China;
3.Institute of Fruit and Floriculture Research, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730070, China;
4.Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730070, China

Received:2017-04-06 Revised:2017-06-14 Online:2017-11-20 Published:2017-11-20

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为了明确黑色地膜对全膜双垄沟播玉米土壤含水率、温度和杂草去除效应及玉米主要性状的影响,采用田间试验,研究了黑色地膜对全膜双垄沟播土壤含水率和温度及玉米主要经济性状的变化规律。结果表明,黑色地膜有提高土壤含水率的作用,不同土层含水率表现为80~100 cm>60~80 cm>0~20 cm>40~60 cm>20~40 cm;黑色和白色地膜覆盖下,各土层土壤含水率均呈单峰型消长动态,但黑膜的波动幅度均小于白膜。黑色地膜有降低土壤温度的作用,不同土层温度表现为10 cm>5 cm>15 cm>20 cm>25 cm;黑色和白色地膜覆盖下,各土层土壤温度均呈抛物线型消长动态,但黑膜的波动幅度均大于白色地膜。与白色地膜相比,全膜双垄沟玉米田覆盖的黑色地膜对阔叶杂草和禾本科杂草的株防效和鲜质量防效均达97%和99%以上,对玉米出苗率、成穗率、穗长、穗粗、秃顶等性状无明显影响,但对玉米株高、株高整齐度、生育期、产量有影响。黑色地膜不仅有助于提高土壤含水率、降低土壤温度和防除田间杂草,还对玉米的部分农艺性状有影响。

Abstract: The double ridge plastic mulch cropping technique has been widely adopted since 2010 for maize and potato production across 8 provinces and autonomous regions of northeast, north and northwest China with lower rainfall. The plastic film blocks moisture evaporation from soil and channels precipitation into the sowing trench between the ridges, so increasing soil moisture level around the crop roots, as well as assisting with weed control and modifying soil temperature. Yields can be increased by up to 30% with considerable economic benefit. This research compared the performance of white (Control) and black plastic film as the soil cover, since there is little available data on whether plastic film color affects the soil moisture and temperature beneath, and crop performance. In this research soil moisture and temperature were measured weekly over the growing season from early April to mid July, and weed biomass data, and crop agronomic and yield were collected on relevant dates. Soil moisture was measured for 5 soil depths: 0-20, 20-40, 40-60, 60-80, and 80-100 cm, and soil temperature for 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 cm soil depths. Typical values for soil moisture were 18%-20% in April, 20%-22% in May and 16% in June, without major variation across soil depths. In the 0-20 cm layer soil was 1%-2% drier under black film than under white film in April, but this gradually reversed and soil had 2% higher moisture content under black film in June. In the deeper soil layers (except 80-100 cm), soil moisture (%) was identical under black and white film in April, but by June was 1%-2% higher under black film than white film. Soil temperatures ranged from 12-18 ℃ at the start of the experiment to 25 ℃ in June, and except for the 10 cm soil depth, were consistently lower under black film than white film by over 2 ℃ in April, reducing to 0.5 ℃ lower under black film in June. Weed densities in June were 150 and 3 plants/m² under white film and black film, respectively. Crop agronomic data generally did not differ significantly with film color, but yield was 5.4%-9.5% higher when maize was planted on black film.

漆永红, 岳德成, 曹素芳, 李敏权. 全膜双垄沟播玉米土壤含水率和温度及杂草去除效应[J]. 草业学报, 2017, 26(11): 176-184.

QI Yong-Hong, YUE De-Cheng, CAO Su-Fang, LI Min-Quan. Soil moisture, soil temperature, weed control and yield effects of double ridge plasticfilm mulching in maize production[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2017, 26(11): 176-184.

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全膜双垄沟播玉米土壤含水率和温度及杂草去除效应

Soil moisture, soil temperature, weed control and yield effects of double ridge plasticfilm mulching in maize production

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