紫花苜蓿/玉米间作对紫花苜蓿结瘤固氮特性的影响

doi:10.11686/cyxb2019383

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 试验采用根系分隔法将根系按不同方式进行分隔,并在不同氮素水平和生育时期下采用营养液沙培法对紫花苜蓿结瘤固氮、紫花苜蓿和玉米地上生物量以及氮积累量进行测定,以研究紫花苜蓿/玉米间作下根系互作对结瘤固氮特性的影响。结果表明紫花苜蓿结瘤固氮各指标、玉米及单位面积地上干物质重和氮积累量在各生育期和氮素水平下均表现为不分隔>尼龙网分隔>塑料分隔。其中,总根瘤数、单株根瘤重及单株固氮潜力在各生育期以及有效根瘤数、有效/总根瘤数及固氮酶活性在现蕾期和盛花期均表现为不分隔显著高于尼龙网分隔显著高于塑料分隔和紫花苜蓿单作(P<0.05)。总根瘤数在各生育期均表现为N₂₁>N₂₁₀,且在不同根系互作间的差距于盛花期最大;其他结瘤固氮指标在分枝期时表现为N₂₁<N₂₁₀,现蕾期和盛花期为N₂₁>N₂₁₀,并且N₂₁₀下单株根瘤重及单株固氮潜力在不同根系互作间的差距于盛花期最大,而N₂₁时各指标均在盛花期前最大。同时,结瘤固氮及氮代谢产物相关指标均呈极显著正相关关系,其中单株根瘤重与单株固氮潜力相关系数最大(0.993)。由此可见,紫花苜蓿与玉米的根系互作越紧密越有利于紫花苜蓿结瘤固氮;紫花苜蓿根瘤的形成随氮素浓度的降低而增大,而根瘤生长发育在分枝期时适当的氮素对其有促进作用;促进根瘤形成的氮素阈值也较根瘤生长发育的低;根系互作是结瘤固氮的主要影响因素。

关键词: 紫花苜蓿/玉米间作, 根系互作, 根系分隔, 结瘤特性, 固氮能力

Abstract: In this research, numbers of nodules, N fixation rate, and yield of alfalfa plants co-planted with maize in pots were measured at different N levels (N₂₁, N₂₁₀) and growth stages and with different types of partition between roots. Partition types were: pot with no barrier (A-T), pot with nylon mesh barrier (NA-T), and pot with plastic barrier (PA-T), and alfalfa alone (SA) was used as a control. It was found that nodulation, N fixation ability of alfalfa and N metabolite levels in the maize plants ranked in order (A-T)>(NA-T)>(PA-T). Total nodule numbers (TNN), total nodule weight (PNW) and nitrogen fixation capacity (PNF) in all stages and effective nodule numbers (ENN), ENN/TNN and nitrogenase activity (NA) in budding and flowering stages in pots A-T were significantly higher than corresponding values in NA-T pots which in turn were significantly higher than those with PA-T and sole alfalfa (SA) (P<0.05). TNN under N₂₁₀ was higher than N₂₁. The difference in TNN between plants with different root partition types was largest at the flowering stage. Parameters relating to nodulation and N fixed, except for TNN, were lower under N₂₁ than under N₂₁₀ at the branching stage, but were higher under N₂₁ than those under N₂₁₀ in the budding and flowering stages. The effect of the different root partition types on PNW and PNF was largest in flowering stage. However, the differences of all parameters expect TNN with different root partitions was largest shortly before flowering. The correlation between PNW and PNF was high (0.993). The conclusion was that nodule formation in alfalfa increased as the N concentration decreased, and that appropriate N addition promoted nodule growth and development during the branching stage. The N threshold for promoting nodule formation is also higher than that of nodule growth and development. The greater the degree of interaction between alfalfa and maize roots, the more the promotion of nodulation and N fixation of alfalfa. Hence, the root interaction was the main factor influencing nodulation and N fixation.

Key words: alfalfa/maize intercropping, root interaction, root partitions, nodulation characteristics, N fixation ability

赵雅姣, 刘晓静, 童长春, 吴勇. 紫花苜蓿/玉米间作对紫花苜蓿结瘤固氮特性的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2020, 29(1): 95-105.

ZHAO Ya-jiao, LIU Xiao-jing, TONG Chang-chun, WU Yong. Factors influencing nodulation and N fixation ability of alfalfa in a simulated alfalfa/maize intercropping system[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2020, 29(1): 95-105.

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