借助抽雄期长茎段育苗释放多年生饲草玉米茎节扩繁潜力

doi:10.11686/cyxb2019426

草业学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (6): 204-213.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2019426

借助抽雄期长茎段育苗释放多年生饲草玉米茎节扩繁潜力

严旭^1,2,3, 吴子周¹, 李影正¹, 李晓锋¹, 何如钰¹, 杨春燕^1,4, 李杨¹, 周阳¹, 石建忠¹, EBENEZER Kofi Sam¹, 何建美¹, 荣廷昭¹, 唐祈林^1,*

1.四川农业大学玉米研究所,四川温江 611130;
2.四川省农业科学院牧业研究中心,四川南充 637000;
3.四川省农业科学院蚕业研究所,四川南充 637000;
4.贵州省草业研究所,贵州贵阳 550006

收稿日期:2019-09-29 修回日期:2019-11-06 出版日期:2020-06-20 发布日期:2020-06-20
通讯作者: * E-mail: tangqilin71@163.com
作者简介:严旭(1987-),男,四川仪陇人,博士。E-mail: pratum@qq.com
基金资助:
国家重点基础研究计划(2014CB138705),四川省重大科技专项(2018NZDZX0001)和四川省“十三五”饲草育种攻关(2016NZ0098-1103)资助

Unlocking the potential of nodal propagation by raising plantlets from the longer stem segments of perennial forage maize at the tasseling stage

YAN Xu^1,2,3, WU Zi-zhou¹, LI Ying-zheng¹, LI Xiao-feng¹, HE Ru-yu¹, YANG Chun-yan^1,4, LI Yang¹, ZHOU Yang¹, SHI Jian-zhong¹, EBENEZER Kofi Sam¹, HE Jian-mei¹, RONG Ting-zhao¹, TANG Qi-lin^1,*

1. Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, China;
2. Animal Husbandry Research Center, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchong 637000, China;
3. Sericulture Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchong 637000, China;
4. Guizhou Prataculture Institute, Guiyang 550006, China

Received:2019-09-29 Revised:2019-11-06 Online:2020-06-20 Published:2020-06-20

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 多年生饲草玉米‘玉草6号’为分蘖多、生物量高、适口性好的C₄丛生型高大禾草,仅能通过营养体无性繁殖。越冬返青幼苗(分株苗)和上年茎节成苗(茎节苗)是其潜在繁殖体,但其茎节苗的田间表现和茎节田间育苗潜能未知。田间建植分株苗和茎节苗,调查繁殖体类型对植株形态和生物量的影响;田间播种茎节,调查茎节播期、位置和茎段大小对茎节育苗的影响。茎节苗建植成功率(97.5%)高于分株苗(87.5%),两种繁殖体类型均可安全越冬(越冬率100%)。建植当年,分蘖期茎节苗植株茎径显著高于分株苗;此外,茎节苗植株的株高、草长、茎径、基部周长和分蘖均有微弱优势,但繁殖体类型间无显著差异;生物量在繁殖体类型间也无显著差异。次年,植株形态、生物量在繁殖体类型间也无显著差异。茎叶比年际间无显著差异,茎径次年显著降低,其他形态和产量性状均显著高于建植第1年。茎节播期和位置对茎节成活率、扩繁系数和种苗大小有极显著影响,而茎段大小对上述育苗参数无显著影响。在各组合中,抽雄期中、下部长茎段育苗表现最佳。茎节繁殖能拓宽多年生饲草玉米的繁殖体类型,并能提高建植成功率且不影响饲草生产性能。采用抽雄期中、下部长茎段育苗是释放多年生饲草玉米茎节扩繁潜力的有效措施。

关键词: 多年生饲草玉米, 田间表现, 茎节扩繁, 分株扩繁, 扩繁系数

Abstract: Novel perennial forage maize cultivar (‘Yucao No.6’, Yu6), an allopolyploid containing genomes of Zea mays, Tripsacum dactyloides and Zea perennis, is a palatable, sterile, high-tillering and productive C₄ grass. By virtue of sterility, it is limited to vegetative propagation. In comparison with ramet division as a propagation method, little is known about the performance of plants propagated from stem segments and the clonal potential of stem. The aim of this study was to clarify the field performance of plants derived from stem segments and the ability of stem to produce new plants. Field trials were performed to investigate the effect of propagule type on the developmental morphology and above-ground biomass (AGB) of Yu6 over two years, and to evaluate the effects of sowing time, nodal position and stem segment size on the regeneration of aboveground stem fragments from Yu6 in a field setting. Results showed that the establishment mortality (12.5%) of ramet division was higher than that (2.5%) of stem division in the establishment year, and that both types of propagules could safely overwinter (100% overwintering rate in the first winter after planting). We found slight advantages in plant height (PH), grass length (GL), basal circumference (BC), tiller number (TN), AGB for stem propagation compared to ramet division, and no propagule-related difference in stem to leaf ratio (SLR) in the establishment year, except that stem diameter (SD) was significantly greater in stem propagated plants during the tillering stage. There was no significant difference in plant characteristics (PH, GL, BC, TN, SD and SLR) and AGB between the propagule types in the second year following planting, but the second-year metrics (except SLR and SD) were significantly higher than the first year. Sowing date and nodal position had a significant effect on the survival rate, multiplication rate and plantlet size. However, the effect of stem segment size on these parameters was non-significant. Of the treatment combinations, the longer stem segment of the basal and middle stems at the tasseling stage showed the best plantlet regeneration performance. Briefly, use of stem propagation can enhance the propagation opportunities for perennial forage maize, and increase the success rate of establishment without compromising forage production performance. The most effective propagation methodology was the raising of plantlets from the longer stem segments of perennial forage maize at the tasseling stage. Adoption of this methodology could increase the popularity and use of perennial forage maize.

Key words: perennial forage maize, field performance, stem division, ramet division, multiplication rate

严旭, 吴子周, 李影正, 李晓锋, 何如钰, 杨春燕, 李杨, 周阳, 石建忠, EBENEZER Kofi Sam, 何建美, 荣廷昭, 唐祈林. 借助抽雄期长茎段育苗释放多年生饲草玉米茎节扩繁潜力[J]. 草业学报, 2020, 29(6): 204-213.

YAN Xu, WU Zi-zhou, LI Ying-zheng, LI Xiao-feng, HE Ru-yu, YANG Chun-yan, LI Yang, ZHOU Yang, SHI Jian-zhong, EBENEZER Kofi Sam, HE Jian-mei, RONG Ting-zhao, TANG Qi-lin. Unlocking the potential of nodal propagation by raising plantlets from the longer stem segments of perennial forage maize at the tasseling stage[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2020, 29(6): 204-213.

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借助抽雄期长茎段育苗释放多年生饲草玉米茎节扩繁潜力

Unlocking the potential of nodal propagation by raising plantlets from the longer stem segments of perennial forage maize at the tasseling stage

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