草业学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (2): 120-130.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2025082
安有萍1(
), 张蓉2, 赵久淇1, 陈蝶1, 杨素文1(
), 王晓慧1, 苏比努尔·加帕尔null1, 王大伟3
收稿日期:2025-03-11
修回日期:2025-06-05
出版日期:2026-02-20
发布日期:2025-12-24
通讯作者:
杨素文
作者简介:Corresponding author. E-mail: yangsuwen2014@126.com基金资助:
You-ping AN1(
), Rong ZHANG2, Jiu-qi ZHAO1, Die CHEN1, Su-wen YANG1(
), Xiao-hui WANG1, SUBINUER·jiapaer1, Da-wei WANG3
Received:2025-03-11
Revised:2025-06-05
Online:2026-02-20
Published:2025-12-24
Contact:
Su-wen YANG
摘要:
为了探究准噶尔盆地南缘荒漠区同域分布的大沙鼠和红尾沙鼠头骨形态特征的差异及其与体重之间的关系,探究其是否存在对荒漠区高温干旱环境的趋同性适应。本研究使用夹日法对新疆维吾尔自治区准噶尔盆地南缘荒漠区啮齿动物群落进行调查,测量捕获标本的颅全长、基长、腭长、颧宽、眶间宽等13个头骨指标,并针对上述特征的种间差异及头骨指标与体重间的关系进行分析。结果表明:1)除鼻骨长外(P=0.276),其余12项指标在两种鼠种间均具有极显著差异(P<0.01);2)13项头骨指标中,仅红尾沙鼠的下齿列长在种内性别间存在极显著差异(P<0.05),而其他头骨指标在种内性别间无显著差异(P>0.05);3)头骨形态指标随体重的变化趋势显示,大沙鼠的颅全长与体重增长呈极显著正相关(R2=0.4808,P<0.01),红尾沙鼠的基长(R2=0.3214)、颧宽(R2 =0.6020)、下颌长(R2=0.5656)与体重增长呈极显著正相关关系(P<0.01)。综上所述,大沙鼠和红尾沙鼠在多个头骨指标中表现出种间差异,大沙鼠颅全长,红尾沙鼠基长、颧宽以及下颌长3项指标至成体时期仍保持生长状态,其余指标均未表现出明显规律。本研究结果可以补充大沙鼠与红尾沙鼠的分类学基础数据,并为两者的物种分类鉴定和形态学研究提供参考。
安有萍, 张蓉, 赵久淇, 陈蝶, 杨素文, 王晓慧, 苏比努尔·加帕尔null, 王大伟. 准噶尔盆地南缘荒漠区大沙鼠和红尾沙鼠头骨特征比较[J]. 草业学报, 2026, 35(2): 120-130.
You-ping AN, Rong ZHANG, Jiu-qi ZHAO, Die CHEN, Su-wen YANG, Xiao-hui WANG, SUBINUER·jiapaer, Da-wei WANG. Comparison of skull characteristics between Rhombomys opimus and Meriones libycus in the southern desert of the Junggar Basin[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2026, 35(2): 120-130.
鼠种 Rodent species | 体重Weight (g) | 标本数量 The number of rodent (No.) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 最大值Max | 最小值Min | 平均值±标准差Mean±SE | 雌性Female | 雄性Male | |
| 大沙鼠R. opimus | 187.4 | 90.7 | 127.6±50.13 | 20 | 10 |
| 红尾沙鼠M. libycus | 118.7 | 71.9 | 89.0±18.00 | 12 | 11 |
表1 沙鼠标本采集信息
Table 1 Simplified information of gerbils sample
鼠种 Rodent species | 体重Weight (g) | 标本数量 The number of rodent (No.) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 最大值Max | 最小值Min | 平均值±标准差Mean±SE | 雌性Female | 雄性Male | |
| 大沙鼠R. opimus | 187.4 | 90.7 | 127.6±50.13 | 20 | 10 |
| 红尾沙鼠M. libycus | 118.7 | 71.9 | 89.0±18.00 | 12 | 11 |
图4 大沙鼠头骨测量指标(a)大沙鼠颅骨背面观 Dorsal view of the skull of R. opimus;(b)大沙鼠颅骨腹面观 Ventral view of the skull of R. opimus;(c)大沙鼠下颌骨内侧面观 Internal view of R. opimus mandible; (d)大沙鼠下颌骨外侧面观 External view of R. opimus mandible. 1.颅全长 Profile length; 2.基长 Basal length; 3.腭长 Median palatal length; 4.颧宽 Zygomatic breadth; 5.眶间宽 Least breadth between the orbits; 6.齿隙长 Diastema length; 7.鼻骨长 Greatest length of the nasals; 8.听泡长 Length of tympanic bulla; 9.听泡宽 Width of tympanic bulla; 10.上齿列长 Length of the up tooth row; 11.下齿列长 Length of the down tooth row; 12.后头宽 Greatest mastoid breadth; 13.下颌长 Lower jaw length.
Fig.4 R. opimus skull measurement indicators
图5 红尾沙鼠头骨测量指标(a)红尾沙鼠颅骨背面观 Dorsal view of the skull of M. libycus;(b)红尾沙鼠颅骨腹面观 Ventral view of the skull of M. libycus;(c)红尾沙鼠下颌骨内侧面观 Internal view of M. libycus mandible; (d)红尾沙鼠下颌骨外侧面观 External view of M. libycus mandible.
Fig.5 M. libycus skull measurement indicators
头骨形态指标 Skull morphological parameter | 红尾沙鼠M. libycus | 大沙鼠R. opimus | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 雌性Female ♀ (n=12) | 雄性Male ♂ (n=11) | 雌性Female ♀ (n=20) | 雄性Male ♂ (n=10) | |
| 颅全长Profile length | 35.77±0.39a | 36.74±0.45a | 37.62±0.41a | 38.47±0.84a |
| 基长Basal length | 29.59±0.44a | 30.71±1.18a | 32.40±0.75a | 32.54±1.07a |
| 腭长Median palatal length | 17.18±0.33a | 17.00±0.44a | 18.68±0.34a | 18.84±0.56a |
| 颧宽Zygomatic breadth | 21.12±0.23a | 21.14±0.27a | 22.86±0.30a | 23.80±0.67a |
| 眶间宽Least breadth between the orbits | 7.03±0.13a | 6.91±0.13a | 7.68±0.11a | 7.80±0.20a |
| 齿隙长Diastema length | 8.90±0.16a | 9.09±0.21a | 8.38±0.20a | 8.75±0.36a |
| 鼻骨长Greatest length of the nasals | 13.39±0.37a | 14.10±0.14a | 13.34±0.26a | 13.47±0.43a |
| 听泡长Length of tympanic bulla | 14.67±0.21a | 14.76±0.16a | 13.85±0.19a | 14.10±0.30a |
| 听泡宽Width of tympanic bulla | 10.67±0.10a | 10.61±0.07a | 10.04±0.16a | 10.36±0.16a |
| 上齿列长Length of the up tooth row | 16.64±0.29a | 16.93±0.25a | 19.74±0.28a | 20.07±0.56a |
| 下齿列长Length of the down tooth row | 12.02±0.29b | 13.19±0.23a | 13.56±0.20a | 13.71±0.37a |
| 后头宽Greatest mastoid breadth | 14.27±0.12a | 14.30±0.13a | 13.04±0.16a | 12.93±0.21a |
| 下颌长Lower jaw length | 18.35±0.43a | 18.77±0.50a | 21.86±0.45a | 23.42±0.69a |
表 2 红尾沙鼠与大沙鼠头骨形态指标性别间差异分析
Table 2 Sex-based differences in skull morphological parameters between R. opimus and M. libycus (mm)
头骨形态指标 Skull morphological parameter | 红尾沙鼠M. libycus | 大沙鼠R. opimus | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 雌性Female ♀ (n=12) | 雄性Male ♂ (n=11) | 雌性Female ♀ (n=20) | 雄性Male ♂ (n=10) | |
| 颅全长Profile length | 35.77±0.39a | 36.74±0.45a | 37.62±0.41a | 38.47±0.84a |
| 基长Basal length | 29.59±0.44a | 30.71±1.18a | 32.40±0.75a | 32.54±1.07a |
| 腭长Median palatal length | 17.18±0.33a | 17.00±0.44a | 18.68±0.34a | 18.84±0.56a |
| 颧宽Zygomatic breadth | 21.12±0.23a | 21.14±0.27a | 22.86±0.30a | 23.80±0.67a |
| 眶间宽Least breadth between the orbits | 7.03±0.13a | 6.91±0.13a | 7.68±0.11a | 7.80±0.20a |
| 齿隙长Diastema length | 8.90±0.16a | 9.09±0.21a | 8.38±0.20a | 8.75±0.36a |
| 鼻骨长Greatest length of the nasals | 13.39±0.37a | 14.10±0.14a | 13.34±0.26a | 13.47±0.43a |
| 听泡长Length of tympanic bulla | 14.67±0.21a | 14.76±0.16a | 13.85±0.19a | 14.10±0.30a |
| 听泡宽Width of tympanic bulla | 10.67±0.10a | 10.61±0.07a | 10.04±0.16a | 10.36±0.16a |
| 上齿列长Length of the up tooth row | 16.64±0.29a | 16.93±0.25a | 19.74±0.28a | 20.07±0.56a |
| 下齿列长Length of the down tooth row | 12.02±0.29b | 13.19±0.23a | 13.56±0.20a | 13.71±0.37a |
| 后头宽Greatest mastoid breadth | 14.27±0.12a | 14.30±0.13a | 13.04±0.16a | 12.93±0.21a |
| 下颌长Lower jaw length | 18.35±0.43a | 18.77±0.50a | 21.86±0.45a | 23.42±0.69a |
头骨形态指标 Skull morphological parameter | 红尾沙鼠 M. libycus | 大沙鼠 R. opimus |
|---|---|---|
| 颅全长Profile length | 36.24±0.31b | 37.90±0.39a |
| 基长Basal length | 30.13±0.60b | 32.45±0.60a |
| 腭长Median palatal length | 17.09±0.27b | 18.74±0.29a |
| 颧宽 Zygomatic breadth | 21.13±0.17b | 23.17±0.30a |
| 眶间宽Least breadth between the orbits | 6.98±0.09b | 7.72±0.10a |
| 齿隙长 Diastema length | 9.00±0.13a | 8.50±0.18b |
| 鼻骨长Greatest length of the nasals | 13.73±0.21a | 13.38±0.22a |
| 听泡长 Length of tympanic bulla | 14.71±0.13a | 13.93±0.16b |
| 听泡宽Width of tympanic bulla | 10.64±0.06a | 10.15±0.12b |
| 上齿列长Length of the up tooth row | 16.78±0.19b | 19.85±0.26a |
| 下齿列长Length of the down tooth row | 12.58±0.22b | 13.61±0.18a |
| 后头宽 Greatest mastoid breadth | 14.28±0.09a | 13.00±0.12b |
| 下颌长Lower jaw length | 18.55±0.32b | 22.38±0.40a |
表 3 红尾沙鼠与大沙鼠两种沙鼠头骨形态指标的差异
Table 3 Differences in skull morphological parameters between two gerbils (mm)
头骨形态指标 Skull morphological parameter | 红尾沙鼠 M. libycus | 大沙鼠 R. opimus |
|---|---|---|
| 颅全长Profile length | 36.24±0.31b | 37.90±0.39a |
| 基长Basal length | 30.13±0.60b | 32.45±0.60a |
| 腭长Median palatal length | 17.09±0.27b | 18.74±0.29a |
| 颧宽 Zygomatic breadth | 21.13±0.17b | 23.17±0.30a |
| 眶间宽Least breadth between the orbits | 6.98±0.09b | 7.72±0.10a |
| 齿隙长 Diastema length | 9.00±0.13a | 8.50±0.18b |
| 鼻骨长Greatest length of the nasals | 13.73±0.21a | 13.38±0.22a |
| 听泡长 Length of tympanic bulla | 14.71±0.13a | 13.93±0.16b |
| 听泡宽Width of tympanic bulla | 10.64±0.06a | 10.15±0.12b |
| 上齿列长Length of the up tooth row | 16.78±0.19b | 19.85±0.26a |
| 下齿列长Length of the down tooth row | 12.58±0.22b | 13.61±0.18a |
| 后头宽 Greatest mastoid breadth | 14.28±0.09a | 13.00±0.12b |
| 下颌长Lower jaw length | 18.55±0.32b | 22.38±0.40a |
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