高寒草甸矮嵩草对氮肥的生理响应

草业学报 ›› 2010, Vol. 19 ›› Issue (3): 240-244.

高寒草甸矮嵩草对氮肥的生理响应

李以康¹,冉飞^2,3,包苏科^1,3,韩发^1*,周华坤¹,林丽¹,张法伟¹

1.中国科学院西北高原生物研究所,青海西宁 810008;
2.中国科学院成都生物研究所,四川成都610041;

3.中国科学院研究生院,北京 100039

收稿日期:2009-04-28 出版日期:2010-03-25 发布日期:2010-06-20
作者简介:李以康(1973-),男,山东临沂人,助理研究员。E-mail:liyikang501@163.com
基金资助:
国家科技攻关计划项目(2005BA901A20)和国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)(2009CB421102)资助

Physiological response of Kobresia humilis to nitrogenous fertilizer in an alpine meadow

LI Yi-kang¹, RAN Fei^2,3, BAO Su-ke^1,3, HAN Fa¹, ZHOU Hua-kun¹, LIN Li¹, ZHANG Fa-wei¹

1.Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi’ning 810008, China;

2.Chengdu Institute of Biology,Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China;

3.Graduated University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China

Received:2009-04-28 Online:2010-03-25 Published:2010-06-20

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 通过叶面喷施尿素处理,研究了自然生长状态下矮嵩草生长季节生理特性的变化动态,以深入了解高寒植物对氮肥的生理响应。结果表明,施肥处理显著提高了生长初期和生长后期矮嵩草叶内超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性(P＜0.05);谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量变化没有表现出明显的规律性;处理和对照样地可溶性糖含量都呈“U”字形变化,在6和9月含量高,多数时间处理样地叶内可溶性糖含量显著高于对照;可溶性蛋白的含量在7和8月显著高于对照样地,在6和9月显著低于对照样地;处理样地叶绿素a、b和总叶绿素含量高于对照样地(除8月外);超氧阴离子(O₂^·-)产生速率除7月外,其他月份都低于对照样地。处理总体上提高了矮嵩草叶抗氧化能力和渗透调节能力,促进了矮嵩草的生长。

Abstract: Fertilization is a major measure to enhance the biomass of plants. The physiological response of Kobresia humilis to nitrogenous fertilizer in an alpine meadow was studied. The fertilization treatment significantly enhanced the activity of SOD, while there was no obvious change trend of GSH content and a “U” change of the soluble sugar content under the treatment and control. The soluble sugar content was highest in June and September, being significantly higher in the treatment than in the control for most of the time. The soluble protein content in the treatment was greater than that in the control during July and August, and less in June and September. The contents of chlorophyll a and b, and of total chlorophyll were also greater than those in the controls (except in August). The generation velocity of O₂^·- was lower in the treatment than in the control (except in July). The treatment also led to an increase in biomass, height, and coverage of the community. In conclusion, nitrogenous fertilizer treatment enhanced antioxidant capacity and osmo-adjustment, resulting in growth promotion of K. humilis.

中图分类号:

李以康,冉飞,包苏科,韩发,周华坤,林丽,张法伟. 高寒草甸矮嵩草对氮肥的生理响应[J]. 草业学报, 2010, 19(3): 240-244.

LI Yi-kang, RAN Fei, BAO Su-ke, HAN Fa, ZHOU Hua-kun, LIN Li, ZHANG Fa-wei. Physiological response of Kobresia humilis to nitrogenous fertilizer in an alpine meadow[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2010, 19(3): 240-244.

参考文献

[1] 曹广民, 张金霞, 鲍新奎, 等. 高寒草甸生态系统磷素循环[J]. 生态学报, 1999, 19(4): 514-518.
[2] 曹广民, 吴琴, 李东, 等. 土壤-牧草氮素供需状况变化对高寒草甸植被演替与草地退化的影响[J]. 生态学杂志, 2004, 23(6): 25-28.
[3] 顾梦鹤, 杜小光, 文淑均, 等. 施肥和刈割对垂穗披碱草(Elymus nutans)、中华羊茅(Festuca sinensis)和羊茅(Festuca ovina)种间竞争力的影响[J]. 生态学报, 2008, 28(6): 2472-2479.
[4] 周青平, 金继运, 德科加, 等. 不同施氮水平对高寒草地牧草增产效益的研究[J]. 土壤肥料, 2005, 3: 29-31.
[5] 马玉寿, 郎百宁, 李青云, 等. 施氮量与施氮时间对小嵩草草甸草地的影响[J]. 草业科学, 2003, 20(3): 47-50.
[6] Hare P D, Cress W A, Staden J V. Dissecting the roles of osmolyte accumulation during stress[J]. Plant, Cell and Environment, 1998, 21(6): 535-553.
[7] 房朋, 任丽丽, 张立涛, 等. 盐胁迫对杂交酸模叶片光合活性的抑制作用[J]. 应用生态学报, 2008, 19(10): 2137-2142.
[8] 刘世鹏, 刘济明, 陈宗礼, 等. 模拟干旱胁迫对早熟幼苗的抗氧化系统和渗透调节的影响[J]. 西北植物学报, 2006, 26(9): 1781-1787.
[9] 张道勇, 邓春暖, 潘响亮. 三种植物对UV-B辐射和臭氧污染的电生理响应[J]. 地球与环境, 2008, 36(3): 213-217.
[10] 严重玲, 洪业汤, 付舜珍, 等. Cd、Pb胁迫对烟草叶片中活性氧清除系统的影响[J]. 生态学报, 1997, 17(5): 488-492.
[11] 冉飞, 李以康, 周华坤, 等. 三江源区高寒草甸退化草地植被恢复试验研究[J]. 安徽农业科学, 2007, 35(27): 8639-8641.
[12] Giannopolitis C N, Ries S K. Superoxide dismutase II.Purification and quantitative relationship with water soluble protein in seedlings[J]. Plant Physio1ogy, 1997, 59(2): 315-318.
[13] Ellman G L. Tissue sulfhydryl groups[J]. Archives of Biochemistry Biophysics, 1959, 82(1): 70-77.
[14] Arnon D I. Copper enzymes in isolated chloroplasts: Polyphenoloxidase in Beta vulgaris[J]. Plant Physiology, 1949, 24: 1-15.
[15] 朱广廉, 钟海文, 张爱琴. 植物生理学试验[M]. 北京: 北京大学出版社, 1990: 46.
[16] Braford M M. A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding[J]. Analytical Biochemistry, 1976, 72: 248-254.
[17] 张治安, 张美善, 蔚荣海. 植物生理学试验指导[M]. 北京: 中国农业科学技术出版社, 2004: 65-67.
[18] 中国科学院上海植物生理研究所, 上海市植物生理学会. 现代植物生理学实验指南[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 2004: 308-309.
[19] Harper J L. Modules, branches and the capture of resources[A]. In: Jackson J B C, Buss L W, Cook R E, et al. Population Biology and Evolution of Clonal Organisms[M]. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1985: 1-33.
[20] Ron M. Oxidative stress, antioxidants and stress tolerance[J]. Trends in Plant Science, 2002, 7(9): 405-410.
[21] McCord J M, Fridovich I. Superoxide dismutase: An enzyme function for erythrocuprein (HEMOCUPREIN)[J]. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 1969, 244(22): 6049-6055.
[22] 孙群, 梁宗锁, 王渭玲, 等. 氮对水分亏缺下玉米幼苗膜脂过氧化及光合速率的影响[J]. 西北农业学报, 2001, 10(1): 7-10.
[23] 陈雄, 王宗灵, 任红旭. 海拔高度对大车前叶和根中抗氧化系统的影响[J]. 植物学报, 1999, 41(8): 846-850.
[24] 韩发, 周党卫, 滕中华, 等. 青藏高原不同海拔矮嵩草抗氧化系统的比较[J]. 西北植物学报, 2003, 23(9): 1491-1496.
[25] Hellebust J A. Osmoregulation[J]. Annual Review of Plant Physiology, 1976, 27: 485-505.
[26] 翟桂玉, 沈益新, 刘信宝, 等. 施肥对野生大豆饲草产量和品质的影响[J]. 草地学报, 2008, 16(5): 448-452.
[27] 唐湘如, 官春云. 施氮对油菜几种酶活性的影响及其与产量和品质的关系[J]. 中国油料作物学报, 2001, 23(4): 32-37.