不同施肥处理对青贮玉米生长和产量的影响

草业学报 ›› 2010, Vol. 19 ›› Issue (3): 245-250.

不同施肥处理对青贮玉米生长和产量的影响

徐敏云¹,李建国¹,谢帆¹,曹玉凤¹,敖特根¹,于海良²,李佳祥²,李运起^1*

1.河北农业大学动物科技学院,河北保定 071000;
2.河北省草原监理监测站,河北石家庄 050031

收稿日期:2009-05-31 出版日期:2010-03-25 发布日期:2010-06-20
作者简介:徐敏云(1977- ),男,山东苍山人,讲师,在读博士。E-mail:xuminyun@gmail.com
基金资助:
国家科技支撑计划(2006BAD04A10),河北省重大科技创新项目(07227146Z),农业部公益性行业(农业)科研专项(nyhyzx07-036-04)和国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金(nycytx-10,nycytx-38)资助

Effect of different fertilizer applications on silage maize growth and hay output

XU Min-yun¹, LI Jian-guo¹, XIE Fan¹, CAO Yu-feng¹, Aotegen¹, YU Hai-liang², LI Jia-xiang², LI Yun-qi¹

1.Animal Science &
Technology College, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China;

2.Hebei Grassland Supervision and Monitoring Station,Shijiazhuang 050031, China

Received:2009-05-31 Online:2010-03-25 Published:2010-06-20

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为研究施肥种类、施肥量等农业技术措施对青贮玉米产量和品质的影响,建立资源节约型的施肥模式,2008年在河北省石家庄市进行了强盛青贮30(国审玉2007026)肥料效应试验,采用再裂区完全随机区组设计,研究底肥、种肥和追肥的不同配比与施用量对青贮玉米生长及产量的影响。结果表明,1)厩肥发挥肥效需要一定的时间,复合肥肥效持续的时间较厩肥持续的时间短;在以种植青贮玉米作为饲养家畜饲料的地区,厩肥资源丰富,可以用厩肥替代复合肥作为底肥,既有利于青贮玉米的生长,又充分利用了资源,还有助于减轻环境污染;种肥(锌肥)有利于促进青贮玉米的生长,但种肥施用量不宜过高;尿素追肥对促进青贮玉米生长效应显著,肥效持续时间较短,但对增加青贮玉米干草产量效应显著;2)底肥为A2水平、种肥为B2或B3水平、追肥为C1水平处理下生长速率最高,株高最大;底肥为A2水平、种肥在B1水平、追肥在C1水平下的干草收获量最大;综合试验结果,结合当地农业生产实际,建议底肥为A2水平、种肥为B2水平、追肥为C1水平;3)可以根据回归方程:DW=25529.29-2842.18C-424.38B(R²=0.408)或DW=24468.33-2842.18C(R²=0.373)或DW=10267.89+12104.11A-3058.09A²(R²=0.377),预测青贮玉米干草产量。

Abstract: A field experiment to study the effects of different fertilizer application on plant height and yield of silage maize in Shijiazhuang, Hebei province in 2008 was carried out to explore the impact of fertilizer application on silage maize (Zea mays) output and quality and to establish the best mode of fertilizer application. The experiment used a re-split-plot design to study the influence of the proportion and quantity of different base fertilizer, seed fertilizer and topdressing on silage maize growth and output with three replications in a randomized complete block design. 1) Barnyard manure took time to become effective, but the fertilizer efficiency of compound fertilizer lasted for a short duration only compared with barnyard manure. In areas cultivated with silage maize as a livestock feeder, barnyard manure was abundant and could be used as a basic fertilizer to replace compound fertilizer. This operation not only helps the growth of silage maize, but also contributes to making full use of the resources and reducing environmental pollution. Seed manure of zinc fertilizer promotes the growth of silage maize, but the amount applied should be restricted. The duration of fertilizer applied as a urea topdressing was relatively short, but the effect was striking in promoting ensiling maize growth and increasing the output of maize hay. 2) Base fertilizer for A2 level, seed manure for B2 or B3 level, urea topdressing for C1 horizontal showed the greatest speed of effect and resulted in the highest plant heights. The base fertilizer for A2 level, seed manure for B1 level, urea topdressing for C1 level led to the biggest harvest yield. The comprehensive results of the test suggest that combining local agricultural production reality, base fertilizer for A2 level, seed manure for B2 level, urea topdressing for C1 level give the best results. 3) Hay output of silage maize can be predicted by following the regression equation DW=25 529.29-2 842.18C-424.38B (R²=0.408) or DW=24 468.33-2 842.18C(R²=0.373) or DW=10 267.89+12 104.11A-3 058.09A² (R²=0.377).

中图分类号:

S513.062

徐敏云,李建国,谢帆,曹玉凤,敖特根,于海良,李佳祥,李运起. 不同施肥处理对青贮玉米生长和产量的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2010, 19(3): 245-250.

XU Min-yun, LI Jian-guo, XIE Fan, CAO Yu-feng, Aotegen, YU Hai-liang, LI Jia-xiang, LI Yun-qi. Effect of different fertilizer applications on silage maize growth and hay output[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2010, 19(3): 245-250.

参考文献

[1] 张吉旺, 胡昌浩, 王空军, 等. 不同类型玉米品种饲用营养价值比较[J]. 作物学报, 2003, 29(6): 951-954.
[2] 白冰, 文亦芾. 不同氮素施肥水平和青贮时期玉米青贮品质的研究[J]. 四川草原, 2004, (4): 21-24.
[3] 陈世勇, 谭庆军, 赵荣芳, 等. 应用土壤无机氮测试优化青贮玉米氮素管理[J]. 草业学报, 2008, 17(3): 156-161.
[4] 杨成勇, 张瑞珍, 刘志渊, 等. 川北地区不同饲用玉米品种生产性能的比较[J]. 草业科学, 2008, 25(6): 118-120.
[5] 朱霞, 杨文钰, 任万君. 粮饲兼用型玉米全株饲用营养价值及其调控[J]. 草业学报, 2005, 14(5): 92-98.
[6] 韩秉进, 刘春龙, 黄常柱, 等. 不同肥料配比对青贮玉米产量的影响[J]. 中国土壤与肥料, 2006, (6): 60-61.
[7] 文亦芾, 白冰, 毛华明. 不同栽培利用模式对全株玉米青贮品质的影响[J]. 中国草地学报, 2006, 28(6): 33-38.
[8] 朱建国, 刘景辉, 高占魁. 栽培措施对青贮玉米粗蛋白质含量及产量的影响[J]. 华北农学报, 2007, 22(3): 151-155.
[9] 杨耿斌, 谭福忠, 王新江. 不同密度对青贮玉米产量与品质的影响[J]. 玉米科学, 2006, 14(5): 115-117.
[10] 安道渊, 黄必志, 吴伯志. 青贮玉米栽培技术措施与产量品质的关系[J]. 中国农学通报, 2006, 22(2): 192-200.
[11] 魏荔, 张怀文, 孙义祥, 等. 不同施肥处理对青贮玉米产量和品质的影响[J]. 中国农学通报, 2008, 24(3): 227-230.
[12] 路海东, 薛吉全, 马国胜, 等. 粮饲兼用型玉米陕单8806高产栽培技术与生理研究——不同密度与施氮水平的群体生理特性研究[J]. 草业学报, 2007, 16(2): 118-123.
[13] 江院, 张向前, 卢小良, 等. 光周期与氮肥互作对华农1号青饲玉米碳氮代谢相关酶的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2008, 17(4): 92-101.
[14] 张新跃, 何丕阳, 何光武, 等. “饲用玉米-黑麦草”草地系统的研究Ⅰ饲用玉米的品种比较与生产性能[J]. 草业学报, 2001, 10(2): 33-38.
[15] 扈光辉. 饲用玉米的育种进展与趋势[J]. 玉米科学, 2003, 11(2): 46-49.
[16] 潘金豹, 张秋芝, 郝玉兰, 等. 我国青贮玉米育种的策略与目标[J]. 玉米科学, 2002, 10(4): 3-4.
[17] 李小坤, 鲁剑巍, 陈防. 牧草施肥研究进展[J]. 草业学报, 2008, 17(2): 136-142.
[18] Tilman D, Cassman K G, Matson P A, et al. Agricultural sustainability and intensive production practices[J]. Nature, 2002, 418: 671-677.