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草业学报 ›› 2010, Vol. 19 ›› Issue (6): 18-24.

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

兰州地区胡麻田杂草消长动态及群落生态位研究

赵利1,2,胡冠芳3,王利民2,党照2,赵玮2,张建平2,牛俊义1*   

  1. 1.甘肃农业大学生命科学技术学院,甘肃 兰州 730070;
    2.甘肃省农业科学院作物研究所,甘肃 兰州 730070;

    3.甘肃省农业科学院植物保护研究所,甘肃 兰州 730070
  • 收稿日期:2010-04-24 出版日期:2010-06-25 发布日期:2010-12-20
  • 作者简介:赵利(1973-),女,陕西武功人,副研究员,在读博士。E-mail:zhy1972@yahoo.com.cn
  • 基金资助:
    现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金(nycytx-22)资助。

A study on weed population dynamics and niches in a flax field in the Lanzhou area

ZHAO Li1,2, HU Guan-fang3, WANG Li-min2, DANG Zhao2, ZHAO Wei2,
ZHANG Jian-ping2, NIU Jun-yi1   

  1. 1.College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China;

    2.Crop Research Institute, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730070, China;

    3.Institute of Plant Protection, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,
    Lanzhou 730070, China
  • Received:2010-04-24 Online:2010-06-25 Published:2010-12-20

摘要: 采用田间调查和室内测定、相对丰度和生态位计算与分析相结合的方法,对兰州地区胡麻田杂草群落进行了研究。初步明确了兰州地区胡麻田间杂草种类共有11科23种,其中主要科为:禾本科、菊科、藜科、苋科和旋花科;优势种群为:地肤、狗尾草、藜、苣荬菜、稗草和打碗花。同时明确了优势杂草的消长变化规律,即4月中旬为杂草始发期,5月中旬和6月中旬为2个出草高峰期。优势杂草生态位的研究结果表明,地肤的综合生态位宽度值最大,对胡麻的危害最大,其次为狗尾草和藜;地肤与狗尾草的时间生态位重叠值最大,与苣荬菜的水平生态位重叠值最大;而苣荬菜和藜的垂直生态位重叠值最大,它们相互之间利用资源的相似性较高。利用相对丰度和生态位宽度均能确定优势杂草的种类,反映杂草对作物危害程度的大小。

Abstract: Combining field investigation and laboratory measurements, the calculation and analysis of the relative abundance and niches, of a weed community of a flax field in the Lanzhou area were studied. There were 23 species from 11 families in the flax fields. The main families were Gramineae, Compositae, Chenopodiaceae, Amaranthaceae and Convolvulaceae, and the dominant species were Kochia scoparia, Setaria viridis, Chenopodium album, Sonchus brachyotus, Echinochloa crusgalli and Calystegia hederacea. Weeds appeared in mid-April, and there were two peaks of weeds, one in mid-May and one in-June. K. scoparia occupied the largest integrated niche breadth, being the most harmful to the flax, followed by S. viridis and C. album. K. scoparia and S. viridis shared the largest time niche overlap, and shared the maximum horizontal niche overlap with S. brachyotus, while S. brachyotus and C. album shared the biggest vertical niche overlap. All the above weed species had a similar use of resources. Using relative abundance and niche breadth can determine the dominant weed species, reflecting the degree of weed damage to the crop.

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