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草业学报 ›› 2010, Vol. 19 ›› Issue (6): 25-34.

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

高寒草甸群落地表植被特征与土壤理化性状、土壤微生物之间的相关性研究

王长庭1,2,龙瑞军3,王根绪4,刘伟2,王启兰2,张莉2,5,吴鹏飞1   

  1. 1.西南民族大学生命科学与技术学院,四川 成都 610041;
    2.中国科学院西北高原生物研究所, 青海 西宁 810001;

    3.兰州大学草地农业科技学院, 甘肃 兰州 730070;
    4.中国科学院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所,
    四川 成都 610041;
    5.中国科学院研究生院,北京 100049
  • 收稿日期:2009-12-18 出版日期:2010-06-25 发布日期:2010-12-20
  • 作者简介:王长庭(1969-),男,青海湟源人,博士,副研究员,硕士生导师。E-mail:wcht6@hotmail.com,wct@nwipb.ac.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金重点项目(No.30730069),西南民族大学高层次人才引进项目和国家973计划项目(No.2007CB411504)资助。

Relationship between plant communities, characters, soil physical and chemical properties, and soil microbiology in alpine meadows

WANG Chang-ting1,2, LONG Rui-jun3, WANG Gen-xu4, LIU Wei2,
WANG Qi-lan2, ZHANG Li2,5, WU Peng-fei1   

  1. 1.College of Life Science and Technology, Southwest University for Nationalities, Chengdu 610041,
    China;
    2.Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining
    810001, China;
    3.College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou
    University, Lanzhou 730070, China;
    4.Institute of Mountain Hazards and
    Environment, CAS, Chengdu 610041, China;
    5.Graduate University of
    Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
  • Received:2009-12-18 Online:2010-06-25 Published:2010-12-20

摘要: 以青藏高原高寒草甸4种主要草地类型为研究对象,分析了不同植被类型土壤的理化性质、土壤微生物数量、土壤酶活性与生态系统功能间的相互关系。结果表明,不同植被类型群落的土壤特性存在明显差异。藏嵩草沼泽化草甸0~40cm土层土壤容重、土壤含水量、土壤有机质、土壤全氮和土壤速效氮含量明显不同于矮嵩草草甸、小嵩草草甸和金露梅灌丛草甸,土壤物理特性的改变(土壤养分、土壤容重、土壤湿度等)会引起植被组成、物种多样性变化;细菌数量和真菌数量与植物群落地上生物量之间存在显著正相关关系(P<0.05)、放线菌数量与生物量之间的相关性不显著,不同植被类型的群落生物量影响着土壤微生物数量和组成;不同草地类型植物群落地上生物量与土壤酶活性(磷酸酶、过氧化氢酶、蛋白酶、脲酶等)之间存在显著的正相关关系(P<0.05),土壤酶活性对土壤有机质、腐殖质等的合成起到了积极作用。土壤酶活性的高低不仅影响了群落生物量,同时也影响群落物种多样性(物种丰富度),土壤酶活性的高低通过影响土壤微生物种类和数量、土壤养分含量,从而间接影响群落物种多样性。

Abstract: This study examined the relationship between soil physical and chemical properties, soil microbial quantity, soil enzyme activities, and ecosystem function in alpine meadows. There were obvious discrepancies in the soil characteristics of different vegetations. Soil bulk density, soil moisture, soil organic matter, soil total nitrogen and soil available nitrogen were significantly different in the 0-40 cm soil layer in Kobresia tibetica swamp meadow from those in a K. humlis meadow, K. pygmaca meadow, and a Potentilla froticosa shrub. The changes in community composition and plant species diversity resulted from variations in soil properties. Bacterial and fungal quantities showed a positive linear correlation with community biomass in four grasslands (P<0.05), while actinomycete quantities showed no significant relationship with community biomass. The quantity and composition of soil microbes were influenced by different community biomass in different vegetations. Although aboveground biomasses showed significant correlation with different enzyme activities. These enzymes (urease, protease and phosphatase) were involved in soil carbon and nitrogen cycles. Soil enzyme activities influenced not only community biomass, but also plant species diversity (plant species richness) and community composition.

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