黄土丘陵区撂荒群落土壤速效养分空间变异性研究

草业学报 ›› 2011, Vol. 20 ›› Issue (2): 76-84.

黄土丘陵区撂荒群落土壤速效养分空间变异性研究

隋媛媛¹,杜峰^1,2*,张兴昌^1,2

1.西北农林科技大学资源与环境学院,陕西杨凌 712100;
2.中国科学院水土保持与生态环境研究中心,陕西杨凌 712100

收稿日期:2010-06-04 出版日期:2011-02-25 发布日期:2011-04-20
通讯作者: E-mail:dufeng@ms.iswc.ac.cn
作者简介:隋媛媛(1986-),女,吉林东丰人,在读硕士。E-mail:suiyuan@nwsuaf.edu.cn
基金资助:
中国科学院“西部之光”资助项目(2007ZD02)和中国博士后基金资助项目(20070411146)资助。

Spatial heterogeneity of available soil nutrients in abandoned ole-field communities in the Loess Hilly Region

SUI Yuan-yuan¹, DU Feng^1,2, ZHANG Xing-chang^1,2

1.College of Resources and Environment, Northwest University of Agriculture and Forestry, Yangling 712100, China;
2.Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Yangling 712100, China

Received:2010-06-04 Online:2011-02-25 Published:2011-04-20

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 采用经典统计学与地统计学相结合的方法,对黄土丘陵区5块不同撂荒年限样地速效养分在群落尺度上的空间分布特征进行了分析,结果表明,1)与黄土高原地区整体养分水平相比,撂荒样地土壤养分贫瘠,0～20和20～40 cm土层速效养分含量在群落演替中期较高,并且0～20 cm养分含量明显高于20～40 cm;2)速效养分的空间变异主要为结构性变异,撂荒6～7年样地土壤表层的速效钾和硝态氮以及撂荒25年样地20～40 cm硝态氮具有中等空间相关性,其他撂荒群落土壤0～20和20～40 cm的速效养分均具有高度空间相关性;3)随植被群落撂荒演替年限的增加,0～20 cm土层速效钾和硝态氮空间变异性在群落演替前期样地中最大,20～40 cm土层速效钾和硝态氮空间变异性分别在群落演替中期和前、中期样地中最大。0～20 cm土层速效磷和铵态氮空间变异性在群落演替中期样地中最大,20～40 cm土层速效磷和铵态氮空间变异性分别在群落演替前期和中期样地中最大。在不同撂荒年限样地中,4种速效养分具有不同空间自相关性和空间变异性,说明控制这几种养分空间分布的生态学主导过程可能有差异。

Abstract: Using classical statistics and geo-statistics, the spatial heterogeneity of soil available nutrients in five typical old-field communities with different abandonment ages in Loess Hilly Region were demonstrated at community scale. The results indicated that: 1) In the case of nutrient levels, old-fields in the study area are attributed by relative poor soils, 0-20 and 20-40 cm available nutrients increased in middle abandonment stage of succession, nutrient content in surface soil was higher than that in sub-layer. 2) The variability of available nutrients was mainly composed of structural variation. Soil available potassium and nitrate nitrogen in 0-20 cm of the 6-7 years old-field, and subsurface soil nitrate nitrogen in 20-40 cm of the 25-years old-field had intermediate spatial correlation. In other old-fields, available nutrients in surface and subsurface soil had strong spatial correlation. 3) 0-20 cm available potassium and nitrate nitrogen showed the strongest spatial variability in earlier abandonment stage of succession; 20-40 cm available potassium and nitrate nitrogen showed the strongest spatial variability in middle and early-middle stage of succession respectively; Spatial variability of available phosphorus and ammonium nitrogen in surface layer was strongest in middle abandonment stage of succession; Spatial variability of available phosphorus and ammonium nitrogen in subsurface layer was strongest in early-middle and middle abandonment stage of succession respectively. Regarding about the index of spatial heterogeneity, significant differences were found among the 5 old-field communities, which implies that the principal ecological processes of the four available soil nutrients are assorted.

中图分类号:

隋媛媛,杜峰,张兴昌. 黄土丘陵区撂荒群落土壤速效养分空间变异性研究[J]. 草业学报, 2011, 20(2): 76-84.

SUI Yuan-yuan, DU Feng, ZHANG Xing-chang. Spatial heterogeneity of available soil nutrients in abandoned ole-field communities in the Loess Hilly Region[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2011, 20(2): 76-84.

参考文献

[1] Huggett R J. Soil chronosequences, soil development, and soil evolution: A critical review[J]. Catena, 1998, 32: 155-172.
[2] Trangmar B B, Yost R S, Uehara G. Application of geostatistics to spatial studies of soil properties[J]. Advances in Agronomy, 1985, 38: 45-94.
[3] 陈效民, 吴华山, 孙静红. 太湖地区农田土壤中铵态氮和硝态氮的时空变异[J]. 环境科学, 2006, 27(6): 1217-1222.
[4] 张春霞, 郝明德, 王旭刚, 等. 黄土高原沟壑区小流域土壤养分分布特征[J]. 水土保持研究, 2003, 10(1): 78-80.
[5] 孙洪全. 地统计学及其应用[M]. 北京: 中国矿业大学出版社,1990.
[6] Li J W, Richter Daniel de B, Mendoza A, et al. Effects of land-use history on soil spatial heterogeneity of macro-and trace elements in the Southern Piedmont USA[J]. Geoderma, 2010, 156: 60-73.
[7] Orwin K H, Bertran J E, Clough T J, et al. Short-term consequences of spatial heterogeneity in soil nitrogen concentrations caused by urine patches of different sizes[J]. Applied Soil Ecology, 2009, 42: 271-278.
[8] Loecke T D, Robertson G P. Soil resource heterogeneity in terms of litter aggregation promotes nitrous oxide fluxes and slows decomposition[J]. Soil Biology & Bilchemistry, 2009, 41: 228-235.
[9] 庞夙, 李廷轩, 王永东, 等. 土壤速效氮、磷、钾含量空间变异特征及其影响因子[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2009, 15(1): 114-120.
[10] 邢永强, 李金荣, 李金玲, 等. 土壤中硝态氮的空间变异研究[J]. 灌溉排水学报, 2008, 27(3): 106-108.
[11] 徐海燕, 聂宜民, 赵文武, 等. 寿光市土壤养分特性及空间变异性分析[J]. 农业现代化研究, 2009, 30(1): 118-121.
[12] Cambardella C A, Yost R S, Wade M K, et al. Field-scale variability of soil properties in central Iowa soils[J]. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 1994,58: 1501-1511.
[13] Megraw T. Fertility variability in the Minnesota river valley watershed in 1993, as determined from grid testing result on 52000 acres in commercial fields[J]. Site-Specific Management for Agricultural Systerms ASA-CSSA-SSSA, 1995, (2): 167-174.
[14] 李广, 侯扶江. 临泽盐化草甸土壤理化性质的空间格局分析[J]. 草业学报, 2003, 12(2): 46-53.
[15] 李香珍, 张淑敏, 邢学荣. 小叶锦鸡儿灌丛引起的植物生物量和土壤化学元素含量的空间变异[J]. 草业学报, 2002, 11(1): 1-3.
[16] 张有山, 林启美, 秦耀东, 等. 大比例尺区域土壤养分空间变异定量分析[J]. 华北农学报, 1998, 13(1): 122-128.
[17] 刘冬碧, 余常兵, 熊桂云, 等. 大比例尺度下土壤的养分特征及其空间变异性研究[J]. 华中农业大学学报, 2004, 23(5): 524-527.
[18] 杨玉玲, 田长彦, 盛建东, 等. 灌淤土壤有机质、全量氮磷钾空间变异性初探[J]. 干旱地区农业研究, 2002,20(3): 26-30.
[19] 朱益玲, 刘洪斌, 江希流. 江津市紫色土中N、P养分元素区域空间变异性研究[J]. 环境科学, 2004, 25(1): 138-143.
[20] 杜峰, 梁宗锁, 徐学选, 等. 陕北黄土丘陵区撂荒草地群落生物量及植被土壤养分效应[J]. 生态学报, 2007, 27(5): 1673-1682.
[21] 初玉, 杨慧玲, 朱选伟, 等. 浑善达克沙地小叶锦鸡儿灌丛的空间异质性[J]. 生态学报, 2005, 25(12): 3294-3300.
[22] 张璞进, 杨劼, 宋炳煜, 等. 藏锦鸡儿群落土壤资源空间异质性[J]. 植物生态学报, 2009, 33(2): 338-346.
[23] Tsegaye T, Hill R L. Intensive tillage effects on spatial variability of soil test, plant growth, and nutrient uptake measurement[J]. Soil Science, 1998,163(2): 155-165.
[24] 焦峰, 温仲明, 焦菊英, 等. 黄土丘陵区退耕地土壤养分变异特征[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2005, 11(6): 724-730.
[25] 陈伏生, 曾德慧. 科尔沁沙地退化草场土壤养分的空间结构分析[J]. 草业学报, 2004, 13(1): 39-44.
[26] 山仑, 徐炳成. 黄土高原半干旱地区建设稳定人工草地的探讨[J]. 草业学报, 2009, 18(2): 1-2.
[27] 鲍士旦. 土壤农化分析[M]. 北京: 农业出版社, 1986: 33-89.
[28] Nielsen D R, Bouma J. Soil Spatial Variability[M]. Pudoc Wageningen, 1985: 2-30.
[29] 贾恒义, 彭琳, 彭祥林, 等. 黄土高原地区土壤养分资源分区及其评价[J]. 水土保持学报, 1994, 8(3): 22-28.
[30] 刘梦云, 寇宝平, 常庆瑞, 等. 安塞小流域土壤养分分布特征研究[J]. 西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版), 2002, 30(6): 21-24.
[31] 王俊明, 张兴昌. 退耕草地演替过程中的碳储量变化[J]. 草业学报, 2009, 18(1): 1-8.
[32] 董莉丽, 郑粉莉. 黄土丘陵区不同土地利用类型下土壤酶活性和养分特征[J]. 生态环境, 2008, 17(5): 2050-2058.
[33] 董文斌, 马玉寿, 董全民, 等. 退耕还(林)草多年生栽培草地土壤养分特征研究[J]. 草业科学, 2010, 27(4): 46-50.
[34] 李晓东, 魏龙, 张永超, 等. 土地利用方式对陇中黄土高原土壤理化性状的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2009, 18(4): 103-110.
[35] 杜峰, 梁宗锁, 徐学选, 等. 陕北黄土丘陵区撂荒群落土壤养分与地上生物量空间异质性[J]. 生态学报, 2008, 28(1): 13-22.
[36] 秦伟, 朱清科, 刘中奇, 等. 黄土丘陵沟壑区退耕地植被自然演替系列及其植物物种多样性特征[J]. 干旱区研究, 2008, 25(4): 507-513.