不同覆盖措施下苹果园土壤水文差异

草业学报 ›› 2011, Vol. 20 ›› Issue (2): 85-92.

不同覆盖措施下苹果园土壤水文差异

张义^1,2,谢永生^1*

1.西北农林科技大学,中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌 712100;
2.中国科学院地球环境研究所黄土与第四纪地质国家重点实验室,陕西西安 710075

收稿日期:2010-02-23 出版日期:2011-02-25 发布日期:2011-04-20
通讯作者: E-mail:ysxie@ms.iswc.ac.cn
作者简介:张义(1984-),男,河南郑州人,硕士。E-mail:zhangyi.zy@msn.com
基金资助:
国家科技支撑计划项目农田水土保持关键技术研究与示范(2011BAD31B01),水利部公益性行业科研专项经费项目(201001036)和水利部公益性行业科研专项经费项目(200901051)资助。

Effects of different patterns of surface mulching on soil hydrology in an apple orchard

ZHANG Yi^1,2, XIE Yong-sheng¹

1.Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Ministry of Water Resources, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China;
2.State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi’an 710075, China

Received:2010-02-23 Online:2011-02-25 Published:2011-04-20

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为探清不同地表覆盖措施(清耕处理、生草处理、地膜覆盖、秸秆覆盖和砂石覆盖)对苹果园土壤水文状况的影响,利用水分中子仪于2007年10月-2009年10月对黄土高原红富士苹果园土壤水分状况进行定位监测,并同时调查苹果产量。结果表明,果园土壤水分年周期可划分为春夏失墒期、夏秋增墒期和冬春稳墒期3个时期;3个时期中0~600 cm深土壤剖面水分均为砂石覆盖处理最低,地膜覆盖处理最高;雨季后,不同覆盖的土壤水分均得到恢复,其中,砂石覆盖处理恢复率最高(10.52%),其次为秸秆覆盖处理(9.47%),清耕处理恢复率最低(6.53%),最大恢复深度(年周期最大入渗深度)可达260 cm上下;结合产量因素得出,各处理的水分利用效率分别为,清耕处理35.75 kg/(mm·hm²)、生草处理40.31 kg/(mm·hm²)、地膜覆盖47.81 kg/(mm·hm²)、秸秆覆盖58.99 kg/(mm·hm²)、砂石覆盖80.25 kg/(mm·hm²)。所以,在黄土高原地区,砂石覆盖应是改善果园土壤水文状况的适宜地表覆盖措施。

Abstract: Apples are one of the main agricultural crops on China’s Loess Plateau. This study took a Fuji apple orchard in this region as a test object to study the effects of different patterns of surface mulching (clean tillage, grass cover, film mulching, straw mulching, and gravel mulching) on the soil hydrology and apple yield. Based on soil water storage, three seasonal periodscan be recognised annually; Water decreases in spring & summer, increases in summer & autumn, and stabilizes in winter & spring. Within the 0-600 cm soil profile, the highest average soil water content was in the film mulching treatment and the lowest was in the gravel mulching in all three periods. After rainfall, there was significant soil water recovery in the gravel mulching treatment (10.52%), with straw mulching second (9.47%), and least soil water recovery with clean tillage (6.53%). The depth of the water infiltration reached 260 cm. Based on apple yield, the water use efficiency in each treatment was: Clean tillage: 35.75 kg/(mm·ha), grass cover: 0.31 kg/(mm·ha), film mulching: 47.81 kg/(mm·ha), straw mulching: 58.99 kg/(mm·ha), and gravel mulching: 80.25 kg/(mm·ha). In conclusion, of the mulching patterns tested, gravel mulching was the most suitable for apple orchards in the gully region of the Loess Plateau, China.

中图分类号:

S152.7

张义,谢永生. 不同覆盖措施下苹果园土壤水文差异[J]. 草业学报, 2011, 20(2): 85-92.

ZHANG Yi, XIE Yong-sheng. Effects of different patterns of surface mulching on soil hydrology in an apple orchard[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2011, 20(2): 85-92.

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