Abstract: Placing crop seeds in recoverable satellites to induce novel variety has become an important technique for space mutation breeding. The effects of space mutation on contemporary (SP₁) test materials of four alfalfas were tested in the spacecraft ‘ShenZhou No.3’. Four alfalfa contemporary test materials were planted in Lanzhou and after two years field observation we found 7 types of mutation variation such as multifoliator plants (6), big area plants (11), fast-growing plants (14), a white flowered plant (1), disease resistance plants (7), quick growing plants (7), and dwarfing-strong branch plants (2). As far as the rules of heredity and variation are concerned, different types of mutation were expressed in the different breeds and varieties. The mutations were not random and irregular variations were associated with the varieties own characteristics. Confirmation of the genetic stability of the variations is a necessary next step in the generation of molecular markers and observations in the field.