三种药用甘草种子对盐渍环境的萌发响应及其适宜生态种植区

草业学报 ›› 2013, Vol. 22 ›› Issue (2): 195-202.

三种药用甘草种子对盐渍环境的萌发响应及其适宜生态种植区

陆嘉惠^1,2,3,吕新^2*,吴玲¹,李学禹³

1.石河子大学生命科学学院, 新疆石河子 832003;
2.新疆兵团绿洲生态农业重点实验室, 新疆石河子 832003;
3.石河子大学甘草研究所, 新疆石河子 832003

收稿日期:2012-08-27 出版日期:2013-02-25 发布日期:2013-04-20
通讯作者: E-mail:Lxshz@126.com
作者简介:陆嘉惠(1974-),女,江苏海安人,在读博士,副教授。E-mail:jiahuil@shzu.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(30760028)资助。

Germination responses of three medicinal licorices to saline environments and their suitable ecological regions

LU Jia-hui^1,2, LV Xin², WU Ling¹, LI Xue-yu³

1.College of Life Sciences of Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China;
2.The Key Oasis Eco-Agricultur Laboratory of Xinjiang Bingtuan, Shihezi 832003, China;
3.Institute of Licorice in Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China

Received:2012-08-27 Online:2013-02-25 Published:2013-04-20

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 根据西北地区盐碱土的盐分组成特点,选择NaCl、Na₂SO₄、NaHCO₃ 3种单盐,通过盐胁迫下3种药用甘草种子萌发特性、萌发进程、胚生长、种子活力及复水后萌发率的差异分析,比较3种药用甘草种子对不同土壤盐分的萌发响应、耐盐阈值及其适宜盐碱地种植区,为盐碱地种植药用甘草适宜生态区的选择提供理论参考。结果表明,3种单盐胁迫不同程度降低了药用甘草种子的萌发率,延长种子的萌发时间,抑制胚轴伸长生长,盐害强弱顺序为:NaHCO₃＞Na₂SO₄ ＞NaCl。NaCl和Na₂SO₄对药用甘草种子萌发的抑制效应主要为渗透效应,盐胁迫解除复水后种子萌发恢复率为50.6%～78.5%;NaHCO₃ 对药用甘草种子萌发的抑制效应主要为离子毒害,种子萌发恢复率仅为5.1%～21.5%;胀果甘草耐盐性最强,适宜在以氯化物-硫酸盐为主的总盐量为0～1.3%的区域种植,光果甘草耐NaHCO₃最强,可在含小苏打的弃耕低盐地种植,乌拉尔甘草耐盐性最弱,种植地土壤的总盐量范围在0～0.7%为宜。

Abstract: To make known the salt tolerance and suitable ecological regions of Glycyrrhiza inflata, Glycyrrhiza uralensis and Glycyrrhiza glabra from Xinjiang, the seeds of three species were salt stress treated using Na₂SO₄, NaCl and NaHCO₃ at different concentrations to compare their germination responses, salt tolerance and suitable ecological regions. The germination percentage, mean germination days, germination energy, length of plumular axis, germination recovery percentage of three medicinal licorices were recorded. Germination percentage, relative vigor index and length of plumular axis of three species obviously declined with increased salinity. Germinate time prolonged under high salinity stress. The sequence of salt injury level of seed was NaHCO₃>Na₂SO₄>NaCl. There was a significant difference of salt tolerance threshold among three species. G. inflata exhibited greater germination ability under salt stress than G. uralensis and G. glabra. So it is suitable planted in the soil mainly with chloride-sulfate containing 0-1.3% salt. The NaHCO₃ tolerance of G. glabra was the highest and can be planted in the abandoned saline land containing NaHCO₃. The slat tolerance of G. uralensis was the weakest. Therefore, the optimum salt concentration for G. uralensis was 0-0.7%.

中图分类号:

陆嘉惠,吕新,吴玲,李学禹. 三种药用甘草种子对盐渍环境的萌发响应及其适宜生态种植区[J]. 草业学报, 2013, 22(2): 195-202.

LU Jia-hui, LV Xin, WU Ling, LI Xue-yu. Germination responses of three medicinal licorices to saline environments and their suitable ecological regions[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2013, 22(2): 195-202.

参考文献

[1] 王龙强, 米永伟, 蔺海明. 盐胁迫对枸杞属两种植物幼苗离子吸收和分配的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2011, 20(4): 129-136.
[2] 樊瑞苹, 周琴, 周波, 等. 盐胁迫对高羊茅生长及抗氧化系统的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2012, 21(1): 112-117.
[3] 田长彦, 周宏飞, 刘国庆. 21世纪新疆土壤盐渍化调控与农业持续发展研究建议[J]. 干旱区地理, 2000, 23(2): 177-180.
[4] 李学禹, 陆源芬, 阎平. 中国西部地区药用甘草的生态学特征及群落分类[J], 石河子农学院学报, 1991, 18(3): 1-4.
[5] 周小玲, 马新娥, 尚可为, 等. 不同物候期胀果甘草生物量和营养物质生殖分配研究[J]. 草业学报, 2012, 21(4): 25-32.
[6] 郗金标, 张福锁, 田长彦. 新疆盐生植物[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 2006: 129.
[7] 阎顺国, 沈禹颖. 生态因子对碱茅种子萌发期耐盐性影响的数量分析[J]. 植物生态学报, 1996, 20: 414-422.
[8] Houle G, Morcelo L, Reynolds C E, et al. The effect of salinity on different developmental stages of an endemic annual plant, Aster laurentianus (Asteraceae)[J]. American Journal of Botany, 2001, 88: 62-67.
[9] Ayda K, Mohamed N, Samira S. Germination responses of Cymbopogon schoenanthus to salinity[J]. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum, 2011, 33: 279-282.
[10] Redondo-Gomez S, Mateos-Naranjo E, Wharmby C, et al. Bracteoles affect germination and seedling establishment in Mediterranean population of Atriplex portulacoides[J]. Aquatic Botany, 2007, 86: 93-96.
[11] 彭云玲, 李伟丽, 王坤泽, 等. NaCL胁迫对玉米耐盐系与盐敏感系萌发和幼苗生长的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2012, 21(4): 62-71.
[12] 杨秀红, 李建民, 董学会, 等. 盐胁迫对甘草种子发芽与子叶抗氧化指标的影响[J]. 种子, 2005, 124(19): 30-32.
[13] 刘广明, 塔依尔, 杨劲松, 等. 中性盐胁迫对乌拉尔甘草种子萌发的影响研究[J]. 土壤, 2011, 43(1): 135-139.
[14] 王遵亲, 祝寿泉, 俞仁培, 等. 中国盐渍土[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 1993: 278-286.
[15] 文振旺, 石玉麟, 黄荣金, 等. 新疆土壤地理[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 1965: 429.
[16] Rim B, Abderrahmane R, Abdelaziz A. The effect of salinity on the germination, plant growth and essential oil content of Thymus broussonetii Boiss: An endemic species in Morocco[J]. Indian Journal of Agricutural Research, 2009, 4(1): 211-219.
[17] Ahmed D, Karim B H, Claude G. Salinity effects on germination, growth, and seed production of the halophyte Cakile maritime[J]. Plant and Soil, 2004, 262: 179-189.
[18] 宋士清. 不同处理对云南黑籽南瓜种子发芽特性的影响[J]. 河北职业技术师范学院学报, 2000, 14(2): 17-20.
[19] Laetitia M D, Christian M. Effect of salinity and chemical factors on seed germination in the halophyte Crithmum maritimum L[J]. Plant and Soil, 2008, 313: 83-87.
[20] 张际昭, 陆嘉惠, 田中平, 等. 胀果甘草原生境土壤盐分特征分析[J]. 中国水土保持科学, 2011, 9(1): 82-86.
[21] 赵可夫, 范海. 盐生植物及其对盐渍环境的适应生理[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 2005: 36.
[22] Nichols P G H, Malik A I, Stockdale M, et al. Salt tolerance and avoidance mechanisms at germination of annual pasture legumes: importance for adaptation to saline environments[J]. Plant and Soil, 2009, 315: 241-255.
[23] Qu X X, Jerry M B, Lei W, et al. Effects of cold stratification, temperature, light and salinity on seed germination and radicle growth of the desert halophyte shrub Kalidium caspicum (Chenopodiaceae)[J]. Plant Growth Regulation, 2008, 54: 241-248.
[24] 吴凤萍, 韩清芳, 贾志宽. 4个白花苜蓿品系种子萌发期耐盐性研究[J]. 草业科学, 2008, 25(8): 56-62.
[25] 段德玉, 刘小京, 李存桢. 不同盐分与水分胁迫对灰绿藜种子萌发效应研究[J]. 中国生态农业学报, 2005, 13(2): 32-37.
[26] 任崴, 罗廷彬, 王宝军, 等. 新疆耐盐小麦“78”、“101”耐盐性的研究[J]. 干旱地区农业研究, 2004, 22(3): 86-90.