Abstract: Elevated phosphorus (P) concentrations in surface runoff from P-enriched agricultural soils have been commonly considered an important cause of the eutrophication of freshwater bodies. Plant-assisted approaches have proven effective in ameliorating the ecological hazards of excessive soil P. A hydroponic experiment was carried out to investigate the phosphorus (P) accumulation and root morphological difference of the two ecotypes of Pilea sinofasciata grown under five (0, 100, 200, 400 and 800 mg/L) P levels. The biomass of the mining ecotype (ME) of P. sinofasciata was significantly higher than that of the non mining ecotype (NME). Biomasses of both ecotypes initially increased but then decreased with increased P concentration. The highest biomass (400 mg/L) and P concentrations of root, stem, and leaf of both ecotypes increased with P concentration. P concentration of the ME was higher than that of the NME and peaked at 22.85 g/kg. Total root length, total root surface area, total root volume and number of lateral roots of the ME were higher than those of the NME. With an increase in P concentration, total root length, total root surface area, total root volume and number of lateral roots of the ME initially increased but then decreased. The average root diameters of the ME and NME were not significantly different at high P levels, and the difference between ecotypes was not significant. These results indicate that overall, ME has better P accumulation than NME and better root morphological characteristics such as total root length, total root surface area, total root volume and number of lateral roots, features that are important for a high P uptake ability. It confirmed that the ME ecotype of P. sinofasciata has superior efficiency for removing P from hydroponic conditions and could be a potential choice for cleaning P from contaminated water.